Foreground:background salience: Explaining the effects of graphical displays on risk avoidance

By Eric R. Stone, Winston R. Sieck, Benita E. Bull, J. Yates, S. C. Parks, Carolyn J. Rush. 2003

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How and Why 1 Year Differs from 365 Days: A Conversational Logic Analysis of Inferences from the Granularity of Quantitative Expressions (2012, background): “One account of numerosity effects holds that people focus on the numbers and ignore the units in which they are expressed (Stone et al. 2003). Testing this possibility, Pandelaere and colleagues (2011) drew some participants’ attention to the fact that the same quantity can be expressed in different”
Numeric, Verbal, and Visual Formats of Conveying Health Risks: Suggested Best Practices and Future Recommendations (2007, background): “The resulting impression of risk is likely to be influenced by what information is being emphasized.(59,60) Related to the above, expression of mathematically equivalent ratios may result in varying perceptions of risk.”
Risk and Uncertainty Communication (2017, background): “Showing only adverse events can lead to risk-aversion because of their foreground salience (Stone et al. 2003), and so to avoid these framing effects one would ideally show the part-to-whole comparison of both the positive and negative www.annualreviews.org • Risk and Uncertainty Communication 39 A…”