Initial knowledge: six suggestions.

By Elizabeth S. Spelke. 1994

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The Next Decade in AI: Four Steps Towards Robust Artificial Intelligence (2020, background): “t;manifold" for time, space, and causality. Spelke has long argued that some basic, core knowledge of objects, sets and places might be prerequisite for acquiring other knowledge. As she put it (Spelke, 1994), If children are endowed [innately] with abilities to perceive objects, persons, sets,”
Rethinking infant knowledge: toward an adaptive process account of successes and failures in object permanence tasks. (1997, background): “Bertenthal (1996) and Hofsten, Spelke, and colleagues (Hofsten, Spelke, Feng, & Vishton, 1994; Hofsten, Spelke, Vishton, & Feng, 1993; Spelke, 1994) have explored similar ideas of distinct representations governing infant behavior in looking time and reaching tasks.”
Interest and Interests: The Psychology of Constructive Capriciousness (2001, background): “The newborn human is born with few skills and little knowledge (Spelke, 1994).”
Do humans have two systems to track beliefs and belief-like states? (2009, background): “, Barth , Kanwisher , & Spelke , 2003 ; Trick & Pylyshyn , 1994 ) .”
One-year-old infants use teleological representations of actions productively (2003, background): “…goal-attribution might be innately restricted to objects exhibiting certain behavioral characteristics, primarily self-propelled motion (Carey & Spelke, 1994; Leslie, 1994; Premack, 1990), human features and biomechanical movement (Meltzoff, 1995), or contingent reactivity at a distance…”
Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: the truth about false belief. (2001, background): “The contemporary re-emergence of strongly nativist perspectives on cognitive development both contributes to and derives from this possibility (e.g., Spelke, 1994).”
Infants Are Rational Constructivist Learners (2013, background): “This is against the background of two traditional classes of theories in developmental psychology—nativism and empiricism, with the former emphasizing innate concepts and core knowledge systems (Chomsky, 1987; Fodor, 1981; Spelke, 1994) and the latter emphasizing perceptual primitives (i.”
Numerical development: current issues and future perspectives (2005, background): “Consequently, some researchers believe that numerical abilities are genetically determined, and terms such as ‘number sense’ (Dehaene, 1992) or ‘number module’ (Butterworth, 1999) came into play (see also Geary, 1993; Kosc, 1974; Spelke, 1996).”
The cognitive functions of language (2002, background): “The most important of these is Hermer-Vazquez et al. (1999), which provides strong evidence that the integration of geometric properties with other sorts of information (color, smell, patterning, etc.) is dependent upon natural language.”
Is this a wampimuk? Cross-modal mapping between distributional semantics and the visual world (2014, background): “wired for good object segmentation and recognition (Spelke, 1994)) – the more challenging task is to scan the ongoing and very ambiguous linguistic communication for contexts that might be relevant and informative about the new object.”
Innateness, AlphaZero, and Artificial Intelligence (2018, background): “And, as Spelke (1994) has noted, it is difficult to see how knowledge of abstractions like objects, sets, and places could arise through (e.g.,) associative learning.”
Psychological and Sociomoral Reasoning in Infancy (2014, background): “…systems (e.g., Chomsky, 1965), is that infants are born with a physicalreasoning system, an abstract computational system that provides them with a skeletal causal framework for reasoning and learning about physical events (e.g., Baillargeon, 2008; Gelman, 1990; Leslie, 1994b; Spelke, 1994).”