Transforming growth factor-β 'reprograms' the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9–producing subset

By M. Veldhoen, C. Uyttenhove, J. Snick, H. Helmby, A. Westendorf, J. Buer, Bruno Martin, C. Wilhelm, Brigitta Stockinger. Nature Immunology, 2008

1,008 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/22e968e7a7bce2744822d8e31a7fac3352dfc555

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In Immunology

1. Jinfang Zhu
2. W. E. Paul
3. M. Saraiva
4. A. O’Garra
5. J. Allen
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7. Rick M. Maizels
8. D. Campbell

Citations in the corpus

• Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. (2016, background): “A new population of T cells, TH9 cells, which produce IL-9 and IL-10, have been proposed to contribute to inflammation, mast cell accumulation, and activation (Figs 2 and 3).(26,79) Allergenspecific TH1 and TH2 responses are both enhanced by IL-9.”
• TGF-β Activation and Function in Immunity (2013, background): “Additionally, recent data suggest that TGF-β in combination with IFN-γ and IL-4 can mediate induction of a specific subset of CD103+ Th1 cells (47).”
• Differentiation of Effector CD4 T Cell Populations (2010, positive): “Some labs have also described TGF-β-producing Th3 cells (278), IL10-producing TR1 (279) cells, IL-9-producing Th9 cells (280, 281), and T follicular helper Tfh cells (31, 44, 45) as separate lineages.”
• Phenotypic and functional specialization of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (2011, background): “For instance, similar to IL-6, IL-4 can inhibit TGFβ-induced peripheral T Reg cell development and act with TGFβ to drive development of a recently described population of IL-9-producing effector T cell”
• The regulation of IL-10 production by immune cells (2010, background): “It is of interest to note that IL-9-producing T H cells, which have recently been suggested to be a unique T H cell subset (T H 9 cells), also express IL-10 (Ref”
• Peripheral CD4 T cell differentiation regulated by networks of cytokines and transcription factors (2010, background): “Furthermore, our unpublished data indicate that GATA3 is required for the induction of IL-9-producing cells, although it is expressed at lower levels in Th9 cells than that in Th2 cells.”
• CD4+T Cells: Differentiation and Functions (2012, background): “Moreover, TGF-β in combination with IL 4 directly induces the differentiation of Th9 cells [56].”