Obesity in the new millennium

By J. Friedman. Nature, 2000

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Consumption of a fat-rich diet activates a proinflammatory response and induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. (2005, background): “D THE LAST decade, great advances were made in the characterization of the role played by the hypothalamus in the coordination of food intake and energy expenditure (1, 2).”
Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. (2005, background): “Adipose tissue also participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis as an important endocrine organ that secretes a number of biologically active adipokines such as free fatty acid (3), adipsin (4), leptin (5), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (6), resistin (7), and TNF- (8).”
Adipokines: molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis. (2005, background): “Leptin exerts direct effects on several metabolic actions of insulin: stimulation of glucose transport, glycogen synthase, lipogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis, and protein kinase A activation as well as stimulation of protein synthesis in insulinsensitive target cells (30).”
Adiponectin: more than just another fat cell hormone? (2003, background): “These secretory proteins, which have been collectively named adipocytokines (1), include leptin (2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- (3), plasminogenactivator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) (4), adipsin (5), resistin (6), and adiponectin (7).”