Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain

By D. Cua, J. Sherlock, Yi Chen, C. Murphy, Barbara Joyce, B. Seymour, L. Lucian, W. To, Sylvia Kwan, T. Churakova and 6 more. Nature, 2003

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Innate and adaptive interleukin-22 protects mice from inflammatory bowel disease (2008, background): “In mice, IL-23 was once thought to control Th17 differentiation, but it now appears that its role is in survival and expansion of Th17 cells (Aggarwal et al., 2003; Cua et al., 2003; Veldhoen et al., 2006).”
IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation (2005, methodology): “Blood was collected and lysed (RBC lysis buffer; Sigma-Aldrich), and mononuclear cells from brains and spinal cord tissue were prepared as described previously ( 1 ) and surface stained with anti‐CD4-APC.”
Mechanisms Underlying Inflammation in Neurodegeneration (2010, neutral): “However, characterization of specific functions of IL-12, IL-23, and other IL-12 family members has uncovered essential roles for a subset of T helper cells called Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of MS (Cua et al., 2003).”