Racial inequality and college attendance: The mediating role of parental investments ☆

By C. Z. Charles, Vincent J. Roscigno, Kimberly C. Torres. 2007

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The Price of Opportunity: Race, Student Loan Debt, and College Achievement (2013, background): “Class inequalities in parental income, wealth, and education are mirrored in the degree to which college students struggle with college finances (Charles, Roscigno, and Torres 2007; Paulsen and St. John 2002).”
Family Background and School Effects on Student Achievement: A Multilevel Analysis of the Coleman Data (2011, background): “Other seminal studies in that period were those by Edmonds (1979) and Rutter et al. (1979), who investigated school effects net of student background on students’ performance and behavior and concluded that schools made a difference in students’ progress. In the 1980s, studies of school effectivenes”
Shadow Education, American Style: Test Preparation, the SAT and College Enrollment (2010, background): “Research often disentangles family resources from the investment of those resources in order to avoid confounding potential social class effects into a single indicator and thus conflating the meaningful processes therein (see Charles et al. 2007; Powell and Steelman 1990; Teachman 1987).”
Disparities in Debt (2014, background): “…collegeeducated parents have more accurate knowledge of college costs (Grodsky and Jones 2007), spend more time financially planning for college (Charles, Roscigno, and Torres 2007), save more for college (Steelman and Powell 1991), contribute more money (Mauldin, Mimura, and Lino 2001), and…”