Is epilepsy a progressive disorder? Prospects for new therapeutic approaches in temporal-lobe epilepsy.

By A. Pitkänen, T. Sutula. Lancet Neurology, 2002

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Toll-like receptor 4 and high-mobility group box-1 are involved in ictogenesis and can be targeted to reduce seizures (2010, background): “Inflammatory responses induced by brain-damaging events such as neurotrauma, stroke, infection, febrile seizures and status epilepticus are associated with acute symptomatic seizures and a high risk of developing epileps”
Brain Inflammation in Epilepsy: Experimental and Clinical Evidence (2005, background): “These phenomena may consolidate and perpetuate inflammatory reactions in the brains of the affected individuals and exacerbate brain damage (148), thus contributing to brain atrophy.”
The role of inflammation in epilepsy (2010, neutral): “4,35,124 Inflammation is induced rapidly following such insults, preceding neurodegeneration in lesional models of seizures.”
Mitochondria and neuronal activity. (2007, background): “In some patients TLE might be a progressive disease (172).”
On the nature of seizure dynamics. (2014, background): “Despite the fact that so many different pathologies, conditions and network reorganizations can result in partial epilepsy (Pitkanen and Sutula, 2002), one observation is particularly striking: the electrophysiological signature of different seizures is remarkably similar from case to case, even…”