Perceived violence climate: A new construct and its relationship to workplace physical violence and verbal aggression, and their potential consequences

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Nurse exposure to physical and nonphysical violence, bullying, and sexual harassment: a quantitative review. (2014, background): “Whereas most physical violence arises from patients and their families/friends, a significant amount of nonphysical violence comes from other staff members (Spector et al., 2007).”
The effect of organizational culture on deviant behaviors in the workplace (2019, unknown): “…between organizational factors and WDB, pointing out the role of situational variables, such as organizational climate perceptions (Peterson, 2002; Spector, Coulter, Stockwell, & Matz, 2007), ethical climate (Dunn & Schweitzer, 2005; Kanten & Er Ulker, 2013; Vardi & Weitz, 2004), injustice…”
Individual and Environmental Sources of Work Stress Among Prison Officers (2015, background): “Officers are also more likely to observe violence in prisons with higher levels of inmate violence, and observations of violent incidents could directly impact their perceptions regarding workplace safety (Spector et al., 2007).”