Prosecutorial Discretion and the Imposition of Mandatory Minimum Sentences

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A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing (2010, background): “We assessed if minority threat effects on sentencing were more heavily targeted at members of perceived threat groups, such as blacks and Hispanics (Steffensmeier et al. 1998; Ulmer and Johnson 2004; Ulmer et al. 2007 ).”
Sentencing Guidelines and Judicial Discretion: Quasi‐Experimental Evidence from Human Calculation Errors (2012, unknown): “Consistent with the theoretical predictions of strategic response, research on mandatory minimums has shown that they are enforced selectively, if at all (Farrell 2003, Ulmer et al. 2007).”
The Failure of Race Neutral Policies: How Mandatory Terms and Sentencing Enhancements Contribute to Mass Racialized Incarceration (2011, background): “…have examined the effects of these policies on racial disparities in punishment outcomes (Crawford, 2000; Crawford et al., 1998; Engen et al., 2003; Farrell, 2003; Kautt & Spohn, 2002; Steffensmeier & Demuth, 2000, 2001; Ulmer, 2005; Ulmer & Kramer, 1998; Ulmer et al., 2007; Vincent & Hofer, 1994).”
Recent Developments and New Directions in Sentencing Research (2012, background): “…examined other socio-political influences on sentencing, including crime rates (e.g. Britt, 2000; Fearn, 2005; Johnson, 2006; Ulmer & Johnson, 2004; Ulmer et al., 2007; Weidner et al., 2004), political climate (Helms, 2009), neighborhood disadvantage (Wooldredge, 2007; Wooldredge & Thistlethwaite,…”