A Critical Appraisal and Extension of Hope Theory In Middle-Aged Men and Women: is it Important to Distinguish Agency and Pathways Components?

By E. Chang. 2003

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Having the will and finding the way: A review and meta-analysis of hope at work (2013, background): “…2007), elevated feelings of self-worth (e.g. Curry, Snyder, Cook, Ruby, & Rehm, 1997; Onwuegbuzie & Daley, 1999), better overall adjustment (e.g. Chang, 2003; Kwon, 2002), more positive relationships with other people, less loneliness (e.g. Barnum, Snyder, Rapoff, Mani, & Thompson, 1998;…”
The relationship between perfectionism and multidimensional life satisfaction among Croatian and American youth (2005, background): “…states and behaviors, including depression (Lewinsohn, Redner, & Seeley, 1991), self-esteem (Arrindell, Heesink, & Feij, 1999), and hope (Chang, 2003), the construct is considered to be a key indicator of an individuals successful adaptation to changes in life circumstances (Diener,…”
On Teacher Hope, Sense of Calling, and Commitment to Teaching. (2012, methodology): “(p. 796) Seeking to further develop aspects of hope theory, Chang (2003) conducted a study using the Hope Scale to examine the relationship among hope, problem solving and psychological adjustment of 141 middle-aged men and 206 middleaged women (ages 34-59).”