DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXOPLANETS AND DISKS USING PROJECTIONS ON KARHUNEN–LOÈVE EIGENIMAGES

By Remi Soummer, L. Pueyo, J. Larkin. 2012

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We describe a new method to achieve point-spread function (PSF) subtractions for high-contrast imaging using principal component analysis that is applicable to both point sources or extended objects (disks). Assuming a library of reference PSFs, a Karhunen–Loève transform of these references is used to create an orthogonal basis of eigenimages on which the science target is projected. For detection this approach provides comparable suppression to the Locally Optimized Combination of Images (LOCI) algorithm, albeit with increased robustness to the algorithm parameters and speed enhancement. For characterization of detected sources, the method enables forward modeling of astrophysical sources. This alleviates the biases in the astrometry and photometry of discovered faint sources, which are usually associated with LOCI-based PSF subtractions schemes. We illustrate the algorithm performance using archival Hubble Space Telescope images, but the approach may also be considered for ground-based data acquired with angular differential imaging or integral-field spectrographs.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fb3b021144fc86177696aaa392e579ecc544b57f

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Citations in the corpus

PROBING FOR EXOPLANETS HIDING IN DUSTY DEBRIS DISKS: DISK IMAGING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EXPLORATION WITH HST/STIS MULTI-ROLL CORONAGRAPHY (2014, methodology): “…adaptive filtering via principal value decomposition, and recombination, e.g., with the Karhunen–Loeve eigenimage projection (KLIP) method (e.g., see Soummer et al. 2012) have demonstrated the ability to achieve incremental improvements in image quality through the partial identification and…”
Magellan Adaptive Optics Imaging of PDS 70: Measuring the Mass Accretion Rate of a Young Giant Planet within a Gapped Disk (2018, methodology): “The cubes were PSF subtracted through two independent algorithms: 1) classical angular differential imaging (cADI: Marois et al. 2006) and 2) projection onto eigenimages (Karhunen-Loève Image Processing, or KLIP: Soummer et al. 2012) via self-developed IDL scripts (Apai et al. 2016).”
Shadows and spirals in the protoplanetary disk HD 100453 (2016, methodology): “We post-processed the SPHERE-IFS data through analysis and subtraction of the principal components of the PSF via the KLIP method (Soummer et al. 2012) using selfdeveloped IDL routines (Hanson & Apai 2015; Apai et al. 2016; Wagner et al. 2016).”
Combining high-dispersion spectroscopy with high contrast imaging : Probing rocky planets around our nearest neighbors (2015, background): “…include Angular Differential Imaging (ADI; Marois et al. 2006), Spectral Differential Imaging (SDI; Racine et al. 1999), Locally Optimized Combinations of Images (LOCI; Lafrenière et al. 2007), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA; Amara & Quanz 2012, Soummer et al. 2012, Meshkat et al. 2014).”
Three Radial Gaps in the Disk of TW Hydrae Imaged with SPHERE (2016, methodology): “The modeling and subtraction of the PSF is performed using a principal component analysis (PCA) after Absil et al. (2013), which is in turn based on Soummer et al. (2012).”
SPHERE: the exoplanet imager for the Very Large Telescope (2019, methodology): “…9 https://www.eso.org/cpl/esorex.html 10 https://www.eso.org/gasgano 11 https://www.eso.org/sci/software/esoreflex/ in ADI mode with algorithms, such as ANDROMEDA (Cantalloube et al. 2015; Mugnier et al. 2009), principal components analysis (Soummer et al. 2012; Amara & Quanz 2012), and others.”
Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets (2016, methodology): “…are the Locally Optimized Combination 15 of Images (LOCI; Lafrenière et al. 2007a), which is based on least-squares minimization of residual speckle noise, and Karhunen-Loève Image Projection (KLIP; Soummer et al. 2012), a computationally-fast method based on principal component analysis.”
Discovery of a warm, dusty giant planet around HIP 65426 (2017, methodology): “The TLOCI (Marois et al. 2014) and PCA (Soummer et al. 2012; Amara & Quanz 2012) algorithms were specifically used on angular differential imaging data (i.e., without applying any combined spectral differential processing) given the relatively high S/N (10 − 30 in the individual IFS channels, ≥ 50…”
Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70 (2018, methodology): “We then ran a sPCA (smart Principal Component Analysis) algorithm, adapted from Absil et al. (2013), which itself is based on the KLIP algorithm of Soummer et al. (2012).”
First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE - III. New spectrophotometry and astrometry of the HR 8799 exoplanetary system (2015, methodology): “For the purpose of searching for additional companions in the system, we also considered each spectral channel separately but subtracted the stellar residuals with a principal component analysis approach (PCA, Soummer et al. 2012; Amara & Quanz 2012), as illustrated in Maire et al. (2014).”
FUNDAMENTAL LIMITATIONS OF HIGH CONTRAST IMAGING SET BY SMALL SAMPLE STATISTICS (2014, methodology): “…such as the locally optimized combination of images (LOCI, Lafrenière et al. 2007; Marois et al. 2008) or principal component analysis (PCA, Soummer et al. 2012; Meshkat et al. 2013) routinely demonstrate their “whitening” capability, i.e. the efficient removal of the correlated component…”