The Relationship of Participation in Sports and Physical Activity to Body Objectification, Instrumentality, and Locus of Control Among Young Women

By E. M. Parsons, N. Betz. 2001

146 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Clinical Psychology, Gender Studies, Marketing

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f75b45a7f9c91b0faaecdc28659e748ecb752211

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Citations in the corpus

Sexual Objectification and Substance Abuse in Young Adult Women (2011, background): “…et al., 1998; Quinn, Kallen, & Cathey, 2006), magazine exposure (Morry & Staska, 2001), television exposure (Aubrey, 2006), sports participation (Parsons & Betz, 2001), and ballet participation (Tiggemann & Slater, 2001) has found that sexual objectification is positively related to women’s…”
Differences in functional and aesthetic body image between sedentary girls and girls involved in sports and physical activity: Does sport type make a difference? (2011, background): “…emphasizing the body’s physical appearance (such as dance and gymnastics), report high drive for thinness (Slater & Tiggemann, in press), self-objectification, body surveillance (Tiggemann & Slater, 2001), body shame (Parsons & Betz, 2001), and disordered eating behaviors (Smolak et al., 2000).”
Effect of Environment and Appearance Compliment on College Women's Self-Objectification, Mood, Body Shame, and Cognitive Performance (2008, background): “Relatedly, Parsons and Betz (2001) found that current adult body shame was related to participation in high school in lean sports that tend to objectify the female body (such as gymnastics, cheerleading, and synchronized swimming).”
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale (2007, background): “…of sexual objectification, such as magazine exposure (Morry & Staska, 2001), trying on swimsuits (Fredrickson et al., 1998), sports participation (Parsons & Betz, 2001), ballet participation (Tiggemann & Slater, 2001), and pressure for thinness (Tylka & Hill, 2004) are related to…”
Social Role Theory and the Perceived Gender Role Orientation of Athletes (2005, background): “The recent 30-year anniversary of the passage of Title IX of the Educational Amendment of 1972 that prohibits discrimination against women in federally funded educational programs, including athletic programs, has sparked a renewed interest in research on male and female athletes ( Parsons & Betz, 2”
Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Male and Female First Year College Students (2005, background): “Similarly, Parsons and Betz (2001) examined the relationship of participation in sports and physical activity with body objectification (as measured by the OBC) for women and found that the variable most consistently related to sports and physical activity was body shame, the degree of potential…”
Body Objectification, MTV, and Psychological Outcomes Among Female Adolescents1 (2009, background): “For example, one promising avenue is to encourage participation in activities (e.g., sports) that highlight the instrumentality of the body (e.g., Parsons & Betz, 2001).”
Examining Objectification Theory (2008, background): “For example, magazine exposure (Morry & Staska, 2001), trying on swimsuits (Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, & Twenge, 1998), sports participation (Parsons & Betz, 2001), pressure to be thin (Tylka & Hill, 2004), and ballet participation (Tiggemann & Slater, 2001) have been found to be related to…”
A Measure of Objectified Body Consciousness for Preadolescent and Adolescent Youth (2006, background): “Research shows that women experience more surveillance and body shame than men (e.g., McKinley, 1999), and participants in highly feminine activities such as ballet report greater OBC than women in general (Parsons & Betz, 2001; Slater & Tiggemann, 2002; Tiggemann & Slater, 2001).”
A Test of Objectification Theory: The Effect of the Male Gaze on Appearance Concerns in College Women (2004, background): “…shame, appearance anxiety, disordered eating, self-surveillance, and diminished mental performance and capacity to achieve peak motivational states (Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, & Twenge, 1998; McKinley & Hyde, 1996; Noll & Fredrickson, 1998; Parsons & Betz, 2001; Tiggemann & Slater, 2001).”
The Relationship of Yoga, Body Awareness, and Body Responsiveness to Self-Objectification and Disordered Eating (2005, methodology): “In a survey study, Parsons and Betz (2001) found that the extent of sports participation and physical activity among college women were unrelated to levels of self-objectification and associated with greater body shame.”
Objectification Theory and Psychology of Women: A Decade of Advances and Future Directions (2008, background): “For example, Parsons and Betz (2001) calculated sports objectification scores that reflected participants’ level of sports participation weighted by the appearance and femininity focus of the sports.”
Objectification Theory as It Relates to Disordered Eating Among College Women (2004, background): “…for thinness predicted body surveillance significantly adds to the mounting empirical evidence that supports the relationship between other forms of sexual objectification and self-objectification (Fredrickson et al., 1998; Morry & Staska, 2001; Parsons & Betz, 2001; Tiggemann & Slater, 2001).”