Self-injury.

By Matthew K. Nock. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2020

1,430 citations recorded by the source corpus.

People have engaged in self-injury-defined as direct and deliberate bodily harm in the absence of suicidal intent-for thousands of years; however, systematic research on this behavior has been lacking. Recent theoretical and empirical work on self-injury has significantly advanced the understanding of this perplexing behavior. Self-injury is most prevalent among adolescents and young adults, typically involves cutting or carving the skin, and has a consistent presentation cross-nationally. Behavioral, physiological, and self-report data suggest that the behavior serves both an intrapersonal function (i.e., decreases aversive affective/cognitive states or increases desired states) and an interpersonal function (i.e., increases social support or removes undesired social demands). There currently are no evidence-based psychological or pharmacological treatments for self-injury. This review presents an integrated theoretical model of the development and maintenance of self-injury that synthesizes prior empirical findings and proposes several testable hypotheses for future research.

Subfields: Clinical Psychology, Health, Insect Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f410472117008f26f6569f1da413bb596432ed1e

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Citations in the corpus

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, Suicidal Behavior, and Their Co-occurrence as Viewed Through the Lens of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (2012, neutral): “NSSI is most common in adolescents, with equal rates between genders, whereas women have higher rates of suicide attempts and men have higher suicide death rates (Muehlenkamp, 2005; Nock, 2010).”
The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: Factor Structure and Association with Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescent Inpatients (2012, neutral): “Reporting biases in NSSI in adolescence have furthermore been suggested (Nock 2010), which necessitates proxy measures of NSSI in hospital settings.”
Emotion Regulation Flexibility (2014, neutral): “…such as acceptance (e.g., Hayes et al. 1999), rumination (e.g., Nolen-Hoeksema et al. 2008), worry (e.g., Borkovec et al. 2004), self-injury (e.g., Nock 2010), and emotional eating (e.g., Aldao and Dixon-Gordon 2014), among others. meant to represent a starting point for investigators conducting…”
The relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality (2016, neutral): “…generation, as well as interpersonal motivations, including garnering support from others, reducing harsh treatment or criticism from others, bonding with peers, creating interpersonal boundaries, physically expressing/communicating pain to others, and seeking revenge (Gratz, 2003; Nock, 2010).”
A meta-analysis of the prevalence of different functions of non-suicidal self-injury. (2018, background): “This ﬁ nding lends support to the dominant focus on a ﬀ ect-regulation based models of NSSI (Chapman et al., 2006; Hasking et al., 2016; Nock, 2009).”
Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: a review of the literature and an integrated model. (2012, neutral): “, 2008), there is consensus that only directly self-injurious behaviors involving zero suicidal intent can be classified as NSSI (Jacobson et al., 2008;Muehlenkamp et al., 2011; Nock, 2010; Ougrin et al., 2011).”
Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. (2014, neutral): “Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue resulting in immediate damage, without suicidal intent and for purposes not culturally sanctioned (Nixon, Cloutier, & Jansson, 2008), and includes cutting, scratching, and self-battery (Nock, 2010).”
The Four-Function Model of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (2014, neutral): “Another key proposition of this model is that the combination of general vulnerabilities to experience difficulties regulating one’s affective/cognitive states or influencing one’s social environment and self-injury–specific factors increases the risk of engagement in NSSI (Nock, 2010).”
Why Do People Hurt Themselves? A New Conceptual Model of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (2018, background): “Moreover, treatments based on these models have not produced empirically supported treatments for NSSI (for reviews, see Brausch & Girresch, 2012; Glenn, Franklin, & Nock, 2015; Gonzales & Bergstrom, 2013; Nock, 2010; Washburn et al., 2012), although dialectical behavior therapy and emotion regulat”
Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors as risk factors for future suicide ideation, attempts, and death: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies (2015, neutral): “Yet large discrepancies exist in this literature as well, with some studies reporting moderate-to-strong effects (Nock et al .”
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, Pain, and Self-Criticism (2014, neutral): “Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) involves behaviors that harm body tissue, such as cutting or burning, but that occur in the absence of intent to die (Hooley, 2008; Nock, 2010).”