Interaction of PD-L1 on tumor cells with PD-1 on tumor-specific T cells as a mechanism of immune evasion: implications for tumor immunotherapy

By C. Blank, T. Gajewski, Andreas Mackensen. Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, 2005

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PD-L1 regulates the development, maintenance, and function of induced regulatory T cells (2009, background): “PD-L1 is expressed on a wide variety of tumors, and high levels of PD-L1 expression strongly correlate with unfavorable prognosis in several cancers (Dong et al., 2002; Iwai et al., 2002; Strome et al., 2003; Konishi et al., 2004; Thompson et al., 2004; Blank et al., 2005; Hirano et al., 2005; Ohiga”
High expression of PD-L1 in lung cancer may contribute to poor prognosis and tumor cells immune escape through suppressing tumor infiltrating dendritic cells maturation (2011, background): “These include down-regulation of cell surface major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, lack of T-cell costimulation, and expression of death ligands or negative ligands [2–4].”
PD-L1 Expression as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer Immunotherapy (2015, background): “Multiple solid tumor types includingmelanoma, RCC,NSCLC, thymoma, ovarian, and colorectal cancer co-opt this immune shield by expressing PD-L1 to generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and avoid T cell cytolysis (16, 17, 18).”
Immunosuppressive strategies that are mediated by tumor cells. (2007, background): “Tumor-cell surface PD-L1 inhibits immune responses by promoting apoptosis of effector CTLs via induction of Fas ligand (Fas L) and IL-10.”