Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: the evidence 10 years on; a partial replication

By S. Fleminger, D. L. Oliver, S. Lovestone, Sophia Rabe-Hesketh, A. Giora. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 2003

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Traumatic brain injury: a disease process, not an event. (2010, methodology): “AD Meta-analysis of 15 studies found that TBI is a risk factor for AD, but only in males (Fleminger et al., 2003)”
Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease (2012, positive): “A meta-analyses demonstrated that the risk of dementia is higher among men (but not women) with a history of traumatic brain injury (Fleminger et al. 2003).”
Epidemiology of mild traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease (2015, neutral): “Operational criteria for clinical identification include: (1) one or more of the following: confusion or disorientation, loss of consciousness for 30 minutes or less, post-traumatic amnesia for less than 24 hours, and/or other transient neurological abnormalities such as focal signs, seizure, and in”
Inflammation as a central mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (2018, neutral): “[239] Fleminger S, Oliver DL, Lovestone S, Rabe-Hesketh S, Giora A.”