Epidemiology of mild traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease
By Raquel C Gardner, Kristine Yaffe. Molecular and cellular neurosciences, 2015
616 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Every year an estimated 42 million people worldwide suffer a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) or concussion. More severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-established risk factor for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, large epidemiological studies have additionally identified MTBI as a risk factor for dementia. The role of MTBI in risk of PD or ALS is less well established. Repetitive MTBI and repetitive sub-concussive head trauma has been linked to increased risk for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a unique neurodegenerative tauopathy first described in boxers but more recently described in a variety of contact sport athletes, military veterans, and civilians exposed to repetitive MTBI. Studies of repetitive MTBI and CTE have been limited by referral bias, lack of consensus clinical criteria for CTE, challenges of quantifying MTBI exposure, and potential for confounding. The prevalence of CTE is unknown and the amount of MTBI or sub-concussive trauma exposure necessary to produce CTE is unclear. This review will summarize the current literature regarding the epidemiology of MTBI, post-TBI dementia and Parkinson's disease, and CTE while highlighting methodological challenges and critical future directions of research in this field.
Subfields: Epidemiology, Neurology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3566b7208d910256daa7bf46af58b6e8027376c8
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Citations in the corpus
- Traumatic brain injuries (2016, background): “Investigation of mild TBI effects may be particularly difficult as mild TBIs are underreported and the definition of mild TBI is often not uniform across studies.(28)”