Cognitive maps in rats and men.

By E. Tolman. 1948

Subfields: Neuroscience, Cognitive Science & Psychology

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Citations in the corpus

Imagination-Augmented Agents for Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017, background): “Model learning and mental simulation has been hypothesized and demonstrated in animal and human learning [5–8].”
Cognitive Mapping and Planning for Visual Navigation (2017, background): “…Zhu et al. (2017) use reactive memory-less vanilla feed forward architectures for solving visual navigation problems, In contrast, experiments by Tolman (1948) have shown that even rats build sophisticated representations for space in the form of ‘cognitive maps’ as they navigate, giving them…”
Hippocampal Replay is Not a Simple Function of Experience (2010, background): “The cognitive map has been hypothesized to entail a representation of the structure of the environment which enables rats to mentally traverse alternate paths, potentially including trajectories never actually experienced (Tolman, 1948; O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978; Gallistel, 1990; Samsonovich and Ascol”
Visual Place Recognition: A Survey (2016, background): “research of Tolman [20] on rats navigating mazes motivated him to propose the cognitive map—a mental representation of the world with information about relationships between places”
A Behavioral Approach to Visual Navigation with Graph Localization Networks (2019, background): “How can we build similar visual navigation systems for robots? Although most approaches for visual navigation today rely on metric maps of the world and precise localization [44], research suggests that biological systems in mice and men rely on coarse spatial layout representations in the form of c”
Language, space, and the development of cognitive flexibility in humans: the case of two spatial memory tasks. (2001, background): “Since the discovery of putative `cognitive maps' 50 years ago (Tolman, 1948) and the discovery of place cells of the hippocampus 30 years ago (O'Keefe & Dostrovsky, 1971), there has been an explosion of behavioral and neurobiological research in this area.”
Working memory in developing and applying mental models from spatial descriptions (2008, background): “Note that these models are quite different from the notions of a cognitive map (i.e., Tolman, 1948 ) or a cognitive collage (i.e., Tversky, 1993).”
Spatial Cognition and the Brain (2008, background): “However, there has been a long-standing but unproven hypothesis that spatial learning does not obey this type of error-correcting learning rule, but rather is incidental, occurring independently of performance, motivation, or prediction error (Tolman 1948).”
The ubiquity of model-based reinforcement learning (2012, unknown): “In many ways, the refutation of this demonstrably incomplete behaviorist principle sowed the seeds of the cognitive revolution [4].”
Reinforcement Learning and Causal Models (2017, background): “Tolman (1948) described a number of ingenious experiments whose results are perplexing from a behaviorist perspective.”
Hippocampal Contributions to Model-Based Planning and Spatial Memory (2019, unknown): “Both model-based planning (Tolman, 1948) and place memory (O’keefe and Nadel, 1978) are often described as requiring ‘‘cognitive maps’’ of the environment or task structure and are contrasted against habitual response-based behaviors that depend on the basal ganglia.”
The relationship between map drawing and spatial orientation abilities: A study of gender differences (2007, background): “Tolman (1948) introduced the term cognitive map to explain the behavior of rats exploring a maze.”
Unifying Map and Landmark Based Representations for Visual Navigation (2017, background): “This is generally accomplished by reasoning over a coarse spatial layout of places through a cognitive map [33].”
Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction (1998, background): “Latent learning is most closely associated with the psychologist Edward Tolman, who interpreted this result, and others like it, as showing that animals could learn a “cognitive map of the environment” in the absence of rewards or penalties, and that they could use the map later when they were motiv”