Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research.

By M. Mukaka. 2012

5,890 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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Citations in the corpus

GPTScore: Evaluate as You Desire (2023, methodology): “In this work, we adopt two widely-used correlation measures: (1) Spearman correlation ( ρ ) (Zar, 2005) and (2) Pearson correlation ( r ) (Mukaka, 2012).”
Is ChatGPT a Good NLG Evaluator? A Preliminary Study (2023, methodology): “Two widely-used correlation measures are adopted: (1) Spearman correlation (Zar, 2005) assesses the monotonic relationships between two variables; (2) Pearman correlation (Mukaka, 2012) measures the linear relationships between two sets of data; (3) Kendall’s Tau (Kendall, 1938) evaluates the ordina”
Test–retest: Agreement or reliability? (2016, methodology): “Mukaka, 2012). To the discharge of test–retest users, it must be acknowledged that correct methods for agreement, such as Bland– Altman’s plot or the concordance correlation coefficient, are still not yet directly available in standard commercial statistical packages, such as SAS, Stata, and SPSS. I”
Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation (2018, background): “It is (1) useful for nonnormally distributed continuous data, (2) can be used for ordinal data, and (3) is relatively robust to outliers.”
Multivariate Rank-Based Distribution-Free Nonparametric Testing Using Measure Transportation (2019, methodology): “Note that applications of Spearman’s rank correlation as a measure of association have been extensively studied in the statistics literature (see, e.g., Hauke and Kossowski 2011; Iman and Conover 1982; Mukaka 2012).”
Exploring the Use of Large Language Models for Reference-Free Text Quality Evaluation: A Preliminary Empirical Study (2023, methodology): “Individual Score In order to assess the reliability of Individual Scores, we utilize the Spearman (Zar, 2005) and Pearson (Mukaka, 2012) correlation coefficients.”
Blind late fusion in multimedia event retrieval (2016, methodology): “According to the interpretation schema proposed by Mukaka [15], the positive examples are regardedmoderate positive correlated, whereas the negative examples are low positive (0.”
Evaluating Synergies and Trade-Offs among Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Explorative Analyses of Development Paths in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (2018, background): “However, neither the slope nor any other aspects of non-linear relationships could be described [15,77].”
An Examination of Sustainable HRM Practices on Job Performance: An Application of Training as a Moderator (2019, methodology): “Correlation analysis is used as a productive approach to test the relationship between the two variables, whether it is solid or weak [74].”
Complementary sequence-mediated exon circularization. (2014, methodology): “Note that IRAlus juxtapose in a parallel manner in intr coefficient > 0.5) (Mukaka, 2012).”
Summary of ChatGPT-Related Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Models (2023, methodology): “Then,they compute Spearman coefficients [105],Pearson correlation coefficients [66].”
Interpretable Multi-dataset Evaluation for Named Entity Recognition (2020, background): “(9) where Spearman is a function to calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Mukaka, 2012) andRj is the rank values of buckets based on the j-th attribute.”
Summary of ChatGPT/GPT-4 Research and Perspective Towards the Future of Large Language Models (2023, methodology): “Then,they compute Spearman coefficients [74],Pearson correlation coefficients [75].”