Eye Images Increase Charitable Donations: Evidence From an Opportunistic Field Experiment in a Supermarket

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The watching eyes effect in the Dictator Game: it's not how much you give, it's being seen to give something (2013, background): “…consistent with the findings of Oda et al. (2011) that watching eyes make people anticipate a reward rather than fear a punishment for prosocial behavior, or those of Powell et al. (2012) that watching eyes made people more generous in a context where giving was rare, nonnormative and visible.”
The watching eyes phenomenon: The role of a sense of being seen and public self‐awareness (2015, methodology): “This condition was based on the work by Powell et al. (2012) and included three plain stars (in Times New Roman font) of the total same size as the subtle cue of being watched.”
Artificial surveillance cues do not increase generosity: two meta-analyses (2017, background): “Powell, Roberts, and Nettle (2012) investigated the effect of surveillance cues on generosity in a supermarket study.”