Growing Self-Organizing Mini-Guts from a Single Intestinal Stem Cell: Mechanism and Applications

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Single-Cell and Single-Molecule Analysis of Gene Expression Regulation (2016, background): “In vitro production of mini-guts from single stem cells facilitates the regeneration of the damaged intestine and sheds light on the molecular origin of adenocarcinoma (124).”
Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids. (2016, background): “The organoids can be passaged weekly at a 1:5 ratio for years and are remarkably stable, both genetically and phenotypically (Sato and Clevers, 2013).”
Extracellular matrix: A dynamic microenvironment for stem cell niche (2014, background): “Intestinal homeostasis is tightly controlled by four well-characterized signaling pathways, namely Wnt, Notch, EGF and BMP [111].”
Microfluidic 3D cell culture: from tools to tissue models. (2015, background): “Stem cells expressing the LGR5 receptor have been identified which have been shown to maintain stemness in vitro and differentiate into fully functional intestine, stomach and liver [56–58].”
The R-spondin/Lgr5/Rnf43 module: regulator of Wnt signal strength (2014, positive): “The resulting organoids (‘‘mini-guts’’) recapitulate essentially all aspects of the self-renewing crypt–villus epithelium and can be expanded for years in culture while remaining genetically and phenotypically stable (Sato and Clevers 2013).”