Testing hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on behavior

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An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development. (2007, background): “Nonetheless, many investigators have noted the limitations of drawing causal inferences from the predominantly nonexperimental studies that have addressed these issues (e.g., Rutter et al. 2001).”
Personality development: stability and change. (2005, background): “Third, quantitative genetic studies of personality are increasingly used to ask questions about causal mechanisms (Rutter et al. 2001).”
Genes, Evolution, and Personality (2001, background): “The primary consequence of this finding is that much contemporary social science research is uninterpretable if it does not incorporate the influence of genetic variation into its explanatory models (Harris, 1998; Rutter et al., 2001; Scarr, 1997; Turkheimer, 2000).”
Assumptions in research in sport and exercise psychology (2009, methodology): “strategies and methods to test the nature of causal effects (Rutter, 2001).”
Attachment, mentalization and antisocial personality disorder: The possible contribution of mentalization-based treatment (2011, background): “Conversely, it is known that the formation of healthy attachment relationships act as a protective factor and may divert the child away from a pathway of violence and behavioural disturbance as, through such relationships, the child can learn about the other as another human being (Fonagy, 2003b ; ”