Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs

By Kevin C. Wang, Howard Y. Chang. Molecules and Cells, 2011

4,247 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Summary Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of pervasive genes involved in a variety of biological functions. Here we discuss the emerging archetypes of molecular functions that lncRNAs execute—as signals, decoys, guides, and scaffolds. For each archetype, examples from several disparate biological contexts illustrate the commonality of the molecular mechanisms, and these mechanistic views provide useful explanations and predictions of biological outcomes. These archetypes of lncRNA function may be a useful framework to consider how lncRNAs acquire useful properties as biological signal transducers, and hint at their possible origins in evolution. As new lncRNAs are being discovered at a rapid pace, the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs are likely to be enriched and diversified.

Subfields: Cancer Research, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/deab2e6a0b69a7e0e9031e3e9bd751fc41aab577

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Citations in the corpus

Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Controls Cell Cycle Progression by Regulating the Expression of Oncogenic Transcription Factor B-MYB (2013, background): “200 nucleotides in length, have recently emerged as important molecules in several cellular processes [4,9,10].”
GENCODE: The reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project (2012, background): “Although the current definition of lncRNAs requires the transcript to be > 200 bp (Wang and Chang 2011), the GENCODE ncRNA set contains 136 spliced transcripts 200 bp (all of them single transcript loci) to highlight that there is evidence of expression at that position in the genome.”
Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk? (2015, neutral): “HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY ARTICLE published: 26 January 2015 doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00002 Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk?”
Long noncoding RNAs: Cellular address codes in development and disease (2013, positive): “lncRNAs can also interact with multiple proteins, enabling scaffolding functions and combinatorial control (Wang and Chang, 2011).”
On the classification of long non-coding RNAs (2013, background): “…to their mode of action, lncRNAs may also be classified based on their targeting mechanisms, mainly associated with the following categories: 92 (1) signal: show cell type-specific expression and respond to diverse stimuli, such as Xist , 64 COLDAIR ; 62 (2) decoy: bind and titrate away a…”
Genome regulation by long noncoding RNAs (2012, background): “several mechanistic themes of lncRNAs function have emerged (101).”
Apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and cancer metastasis (2015, background): “More recently, long nonecoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play critical roles in transcriptional and translational regulation [150] and have been implicated in a wide range of human diseases, including cancer [151].”
Braveheart, a long non-coding RNA required for cardiovascular lineage commitment (2013, background): “A number of lncRNAs have been shown to interact with PRC2 to regulate target gene expression (Wang and Chang, 2011).”