Transactional Presence as a Critical Predictor of Success in Distance Learning

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Student perceptions of support services and the influence of targeted interventions on retention in distance education (2010, background): “Work by Shin (2002, 2003) confirms the latter and further adds the influence of peer and teacher presence.”
Predicting student success in open and distance learning (2006, neutral): “If it is desired to use such models to deal with student drop out, then it has to be remembered that this is often very heavily front-loaded in distance education; for example, between 30% and 40% of new UKOU students withdraw between course start and their first assignment (Simpson, 2003).”
Critical success factors for e-learning in developing countries: A comparative analysis between ICT experts and faculty (2012, background): “Additional success factors include course and environmental dimensions (Sun, Tsai, Finger, Chen, & Yeh, 2008), transactional presence (Shin, 2003), and knowledgemanagement (Mosakhani & Jamporazmey, 2010).”
Development and Validation of the Online Student Connectedness Survey (OSCS) (2012, background): “Terms such as human contact, interaction, and relationship have been associated with psychological distance (Shin, 2003).”