Words as invitations to form categories: evidence from 12- to 13-month-old infants.

By Sandra R. Waxman, D. Markow. 1995

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Citations in the corpus

Studies in inductive inference in infancy. (1998, methodology): “For example, Waxman & Markow (1995) used the same object-examination test we used in Mandler & McDonough (1993) and found that 12-month-old infants categorized cows as different from dinosaurs but were not responsive to the differences between animals and vehicles.”
Why verbs are hard to learn (2006, background): “Further, children appear to take novel words as names for objects (Landau, Smith, & Jones, 1998; Markman, 1989, 1990; Waxman , 1991; Waxman & Hall, 1993), even as early as 13 months of age (Waxman & Markow, 1995).”
The Basis of Epistemic Trust: Reliable Testimony or Reliable Sources? (2007, background): “Not only do people’s words invite children to form categories (Markman & Hutchinson 1984; Waxman & Markow 1995; Welder &Graham 2001), they can lead them to abandon their original classification in favor of another, known category (Gelman & Coley 1990; Gelman, Collman & Maccoby 1986; Gelman &…”
Vygotskian Autotelic Artificial Intelligence: Language and Culture Internalization for Human-Like AI (2022, background): “Animal and preverbal infants demonstrate complex cognition, 75,76 but language does impact the way we perceive, 77,78 represent concepts, 41 conduct compositional and relational thinking, 38,68,79 etc.”
Names will never hurt me? Naming and the development of racial and gender categories in preschool‐aged children (2010, background): “In essence, the words served as invitations to form categories (Brown, 1958; Waxman & Markow, 1995).”
Learning from others: children's construction of concepts. (2009, background): “Waxman & Markow (1995) propose that count nouns are “invitations” to children to form categories and look for deeper correlates: Common labels lead even infants to search for commonalities; distinct labels lead children to search for differences.”
Before and after the vocabulary spurt: two modes of word acquisition? (2003, unknown): “A first line of research relevant to the issue of the linking between sound patterns and object categories has looked at the influence of naming on object categorization, and established that naming enhances 13-month-olds’ object categorizations ( Waxman & Markow, 1995 ).”
TouchStat: A Monte Carlo program for calculating sequential touching probabilities (1998, unknown): “…conceptual de velopment in children as young as 6 or 7 months of age (Mandler & McDonough, 1993; Oakes et al., 1991; Ross, 1980; Ruff, 1986; Waxman & Markow, 1995), and re search employing a visual habituation-dishabituation paradigm points to at least perceptual categorization in even…”