Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
By A. Bechthold, H. Boeing, C. Schwedhelm, G. Hoffmann, S. Knüppel, Khalid Iqbal, S. de Henauw, N. Michels, B. Devleesschauwer, S. Schlesinger and 1 more. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2019
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ABSTRACT Background: Despite growing evidence for food-based dietary patterns' potential to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, knowledge about the amounts of food associated with the greatest change in risk of specific cardiovascular outcomes and about the quality of meta-evidence is limited. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the knowledge about the relation between intake of 12 major food groups (whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages [SSB]) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and heart failure (HF). Methods: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Embase up to March 2017 for prospective studies. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random effects model for highest versus lowest intake categories, as well as for linear and non-linear relationships. Results: Overall, 123 reports were included in the meta-analyses. An inverse association was present for whole grains (RRCHD: 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.98), RRHF: 0.96 (0.95–0.97)), vegetables and fruits (RRCHD: 0.97 (0.96–0.99), and 0.94 (0.90–0.97); RRstroke: 0.92 (0.86–0.98), and 0.90 (0.84–0.97)), nuts (RRCHD: 0.67 (0.43–1.05)), and fish consumption (RRCHD: 0.88 (0.79–0.99), RRstroke: 0.86 (0.75–0.99), and RRHF: 0.80 (0.67–0.95)), while a positive association was present for egg (RRHF: 1.16 (1.03–1.31)), red meat (RRCHD: 1.15 (1.08–1.23), RRstroke: 1.12 (1.06–1.17), RRHF: 1.08 (1.02–1.14)), processed meat (RRCHD: 1.27 (1.09–1.49), RRstroke: 1.17 (1.02–1.34), RRHF: 1.12 (1.05–1.19)), and SSB consumption (RRCHD: 1.17 (1.11–1.23), RRstroke: 1.07 (1.02–1.12), RRHF: 1.08 (1.05–1.12)) in the linear dose-response meta-analysis. There were clear indications for non-linear dose-response relationships between whole grains, fruits, nuts, dairy, and red meat and CHD. Conclusion: An optimal intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, dairy, fish, red and processed meat, eggs and SSB showed an important lower risk of CHD, stroke, and HF.
Subfields: Biochemistry, Nutrition and Dietetics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d860d7495082299646f3d6c12cf3967f4c0a4971
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Citations in the corpus
- Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods (2019, neutral): “The association between total mortality and olive oil was estimated by weighting disease-specific contributions (e.g., CHD, stroke, and diabetes) to mortality by disease-specific relative risk (2). risk for the aforementioned serving sizes by accounting for linearities and nonlinearities in the asso”
- 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2021, background): “58,65,66 Substitution analyses based on large cohort studies found that the replacement of red and processed meat with alternative foods such as unprocessed poultry, fish, nuts, and legumes was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality.”