Did Warfare Among Ancestral Hunter-Gatherers Affect the Evolution of Human Social Behaviors?

By Samuel Bowles. Science, 2009

678 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3cb7469d03c09c0eba1df2a0a0c6054cbccf4ea0

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In Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

In Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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Citations in the corpus

Charisma as signal: An evolutionary perspective on charismatic leadership (2017, background): “Such intergroup conflict has played a significant role in the story of human evolution; evidence suggests that coalitionary violence was common in our species (Bowles, 2009).”
Two Key Steps in the Evolution of Human Cooperation (2012, background): “…do not cooperate (or rewarding those who do), presumably both to encourage their cooperation on the spot and also to improve their behavior for future collaborations— and indeed such punishment has been shown to be effective in helping to enforce cooperation in various economic games (Boyd 2006).”
Does a competent leader make a good friend? Conflict, ideology and the psychologies of friendship and followership (2015, background): “In addition to “games against nature,” individuals confront people who seek to free-ride, impose their interests or in other ways are motivated by exploitation (Bowles, 2009; Cosmides & Tooby, 1992; Lopez, McDermott, & Petersen, 2011; Wrangham & Peterson, 1997).”
An Evolutionary Anthropological Perspective on Modern Human Origins (2015, background): “Triggering territoriality, conflict over resources set the conditions for strong selection for hyper-prosocial proclivities (Bowles 2009, Bowles & Gintis 2011).”
Ecology in an anthropogenic biosphere (2015, background): “…through the adaptive advantages of social foraging, collective strategies for warfare and defense, material exchange, and even the collaborative advantages of language (Boyd and Richerson 1985, Henrich 2004, Bowles 2006, 2009, Laland et al. 2010, Apicella et al. 2012, Rand and Nowak 2014).”
Ingroup favoritism in cooperation: a meta-analysis. (2014, background): “…coalitional psychology that promotes male–male cooperation in groups, especially in the presence of outgroups (Balliet, Li, Macfarlan, & Van Vugt, 2011; Bowles, 2009; Makova & Li, 2002; McDonald et al., 2012; see also Navarrete, McDonald, Molina, & Sidanius, 2010; Van Vugt et al., 2007).”
Societal threat and cultural variation in the strength of social norms: An evolutionary basis (2015, positive): “Furthermore, while previous evolutionary models have shown how between-group warfare can promote within-group cooperative behavior (e.g., Bowles, 2009; Nowak, 2006), our model is designed to capture a broad array of different types of threat and shows evolution toward strong cooperation or…”
Living under threat: Mutual threat perception drives anti‐Muslim and anti‐Western hostility in the age of terrorism (2018, background): “The archeological record indicates that humans evolved in a context of intergroup conflict that arguably could influence the evolution of social, group-beneficial behaviors insofar as solidary groups fared better in intergroup competition and conflict than did non-altruistic groups (Bowles, 2009; Br”
Sixteen common misconceptions about the evolution of cooperation in humans (2011, background): “…models, it is argued that a key factor favouring cooperation is direct competition between groups, and this is referred to as group selection (Binmore, 2005a; Bowles, 2006, 2009; Bowles et al., 2003; Boyd & Richerson, 1990, 2002; Boyd et al., 2003; Gintis, 2003; Gintis et al., 2003; Henrich, 2004).”
Disadvantage and prosocial behavior: the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake (2011, result): “Indirect evidence consistent with this reasoning has been obtained in a recent work by Bowles (2009), which indicated that frequent warfare made altruistic cooperation among group members essential to survival (Bowles, 2009).”
Conflict and Social and Political Preferences: Evidence from World War II and Civil Conflict in 35 European Countries (2014, neutral): “This behavioral gap is referred to as parochialism (Bowles, 2006, 2008, 2009; Choi and Bowles, 2007; Boyd and Richerson, 2005).”
The evolutionary anthropology of war (2017, methodology): “Thus, as with Darwin (1871) and Bowles (2009), they argued that within-group altruism is closely linked to inter-group hostility.”
Reply to comments. Two Key Steps in the Evolution of Human Cooperation: The Interdependence Hypothesis (2012, result): “Rather than indicating any significant change in size around the Holocene, these estimates suggest that group numbers progressed toward critical levels over the middle Pleistocene, with the emergence of Homo heidelbergensis between 400,000 and 150,000 years ago.”