Ostracism: On being ignored, excluded, and rejected.

By Kipling D. Williams, L. Zadro. 2001

170 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Clinical Psychology, Health, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/d0ba6803a6964a59ae92242f70d32bb741403c95

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Citations in the corpus

Chronic social exclusion and evidence for the resignation stage (2017, background): “Whereas qualitative interviews provide anecdotal support for the resignation stage (Williams, 2001; Williams & Zadro, 2001), empirical evidence is needed to support these predictions of the Williams’s model (2009).”
Riding the ‘O’ Train: Comparing the Effects of Ostracism and Verbal Dispute on Targets and Sources (2005, methodology): “In the earlier studies conducted by Williams and his colleagues (for reviews see Williams & Zadro, 2001, in press), the effects of being ostracized were compared to the effects of being socially included.”
Derogation, Discrimination, and (Dis)Satisfaction With Jobs in Science (2013, background): “Williams and Zadro (2001) have suggested that exclusion or ostracism in social settings is associated with negative psychological well-being because it reduces individuals’ sense of belonging and self-esteem.”
How long does it last? The persistence of the effects of ostracism in the socially anxious (2006, background): “…guises, ranging from socially sanctioned forms of ostracism used by institutions (e.g., solitary conWnement, exile, and banishment), to more subtle signs of silence and rejection used in interpersonal relationships (e.g., withdrawal of eye contact, no response to greeting; Williams & Zadro, 2001).”
An approach-avoidance framework of workplace aggression (2016, background): “However, it has been argued that humans are exceedingly sensitive to indicators of actual or potential ostracism, given the evolutionary disadvantages associated with exclusion from social groups (Williams & Zadro, 2001).”
Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem (2005, background): “Likewise, in analysing cases of real-world ostracism, Williams (2001; Williams & Zadro, 2001) concluded that ostracism inherently threatens people’s self-esteem.”
Interpersonal Rejection as a Determinant of Anger and Aggression (2006, background): “Williams (2001; Williams & Zadro, 2001 ) suggested that many of the behaviors of people who feel ostracized reflect efforts to reestablish control.”
Perceived Exclusion in the Workplace: The Moderating Effects of Gender on Work-Related Attitudes and Psychological Health (2006, unknown): “In contrast, other research has found that exclusion results in attempts to re-establish oneself as a group by conforming to group judgments and working harder during a group task (Williams & Zadro, 2001).”
Hurt feelings in couple relationships: Exploring the role of attachment and perceptions of personal injury (2005, unknown): “For example, Williams and Zadro (2001) described ostracism (a severe form of disassociation) as ‘‘social death’’ and as a metaphor for what life would be like without the target.”
The Chameleon Effect as Social Glue: Evidence for the Evolutionary Significance of Nonconscious Mimicry (2003, result): “This research is consistent with social psychological research on ostracism, which demonstrates that being ostracized from a group is one of the most psychologically damaging experiences that an individual can endure (Williams, 2001; Williams, Shore, & Crahe, 1998; Williams & Zadro, 2001).”
Why being right is not enough: Predicting defensiveness in the face of group criticism (2005, background): “Perhaps as an evolutionary hangover from this, people are hypersensitive to perceived or actual rejection from others (Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003; MacDonald & Leary, 2005; Williams & Zadro, 2001).”