The use of natural feed additives as alternatives for an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets

By E. Demir, Ş. Sarıca, M.A. Özcan, M. Sui¸Mez. 2003

307 citations recorded by the source corpus.

reared in a solid floored pen and then randomly assigned to cages from 7–27 d. Each cage contained 4 birds and served as a treatment replicate. The cages were accomodated in a climate controlled environment room maintained initially at 30 C, which was reduced daily to around 23 C at d 27. The lighting regimen was 23 h light and one h dark. Eight cages were assigned to each of 11 dietary treatments. All birds were fed on a basal wheat/soyabean based ration (12.9 MJ kg 1 ME; 215 g kg 1 CP) (control) which was supplemented with either a proprietary acid blend or one of the chosen botanical extracts. The plant extracts thought to be most likely to have positive effects on broiler performance were added at two dietary concentrations (garlic 8230 mg kg 1 and 16460 mg kg ; milk thistle 90 mg kg 1 and 180 mg kg ; and yarrow 900 mg kg 1 and 1800 mg kg ). Juniper and horseradish extracts were added at 450 and 6000 mg kg 1 respectively. No antimicrobial growth promoters, coccidiostats or enzymes were added to any of the treatment diets. Feed consumption and bird liveweight gain was measured over two time periods: 7–17 d and 17–27 d of age respectively. Data were collected for each group of 4 birds (i.e. each cage), and analysed using GLM in Genstat Release 6. Orthogonal contrasts were also employed to compare the performance of birds fed on treatment diets containing differing amounts of the same plant product (Table). No treatment differences were observed in any of the performance parameters measured during the first growth period (7–17 d). During the second growth period (17–27 d) birds fed on the treatment diets containing the higher levels of garlic and yarrow showed the best FCE (P < 0.05). Birds fed treatment diets containing the higher inclusion rate of garlic tended (P1⁄4 0.079) to have higher weight gains than birds fed the other treatment diets, 7% higher than the mean. Orthogonal contrasts demonstrated that the higher inclusion rate of garlic tended (P1⁄4 0.057) to have a larger positive effect on bird FCE than the lower level. The improvements in performance seen in the birds fed on the treatment diets containing the higher inclusion levels of garlic and yarrow may be attributed to the antibacterial properties of allicin (Singh et al., 1998) and 1,8-cineole (Chandler et al., 1982), major active components found in garlic and yarrow extracts respectively. It is possible that feeding diets containing these extracts exerts a positive effect on the balance of gut microbial populations. From the results obtained in this experiment, the emphasis in further work will be on yarrow and garlic treatment diets. Experiments will attempt to elucidate mode of action and optimal inclusion rates. Detailed compositional analysis of garlic and yarrow extracts will also be performed in an attempt to identify the active components present in the extracts.

Subfields: Animal Science and Zoology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ccdb84a7eb2080a13813d88abe173cf73b816343

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Citations in the corpus

• The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aureus) (2007, background): “However, body weight gain was improved in broiler chickens fed low concentrations of commercial garlic products (Lewis et al., 2003 and Demir et al., 2003).”
• Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. (2008, background): “Available reports have shown increased, unchanged, and reduced villi length and crypt depth in the jejunum and colon for broilers and pigs treated with phytogenic feed additives (Namkung et al., 2004; Demir et al., 2005; Jamroz et al., 2006; Nofrarias et al., 2006; Oetting et al., 2006).”
• Effect of dietary dried oregano leaves supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs (2005, background): “Due to its antimicrobial properties, oregano has been examined as an alternative growth promoter in broiler chickens (Tsinas and Spais, 1999; Botsoglou et al., 2002; Cross et al., 2002; Demir et al., 2003; Lewis et al., 2003), broiler turkeys (Bampidis et al.”
• Effect of garlic powder on performance and lipid profile of broilers (2012, background): “Improvement of broilers performance and carcass merits can be achieved by supplementation of diets with GP [6-9].”
• Evaluation of cinnamon and garlic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, immune responses, serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chicks (2011, background): “A number of studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of garlic (Demir et al., 2003; Carrijo et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2009) and cinnamon powder (Chen et al.”
• Plant extracts used as growth promoters in broilers (2008, background): “Some experiments with broilers (Boutsoglou et al., 2002; Cross et al., 2003; Demir et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2003a, 2003b; Hernández et al., 2004) also did not find statistical differences in the performance”
• Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves as growth promoter source (2018, background): “, 2005) or plant extracts (Demir et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2003) would stimulate the growth performance of broilers, research on herbs, plant extracts, essential oil and/or the main components of the essential oil yielded contradicting results (Alcicek et al.”
• Effect of Dietary Addition of Turkish Propolis on the Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Serum Variables of Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (2005, background): “852 mairana, coriandrum satıvum and taraxacum vulgare) and Demir et al. (2003), thyme and garlic powder, Kucukersan et al. (2002) stabilized rumen extract (SRE) in the diet.”
• Effect of the Three Herbal Extracts on Growth Performance, Immune System, Blood Factors and Intestinal Selected Bacterial Population in Broiler Chickens (2011, result): “Results of studies by some other investigators are also in agreement with the present findings (Cross et al., 2002; 2007; Bampidis et al., 2005; Demir et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2003).”