Belief Echoes: The Persistent Effects of Corrected Misinformation

By Emily A. Thorson. 2016

546 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Communication, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c1039788fe0590a9e271f96eca963300513dd781

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Citations in the corpus

Testing Logic-based and Humor-based Corrections for Science, Health, and Political Misinformation on Social Media (2019, background): “Refutation is difficult, as misinformation continues to influence people even after reading retractions (Seifert, 2002; Thorson, 2016).”
Why do people believe COVID-19 conspiracy theories? (2020, unknown): “4 fully be reversed (Thorson 2015).”
Fact-Checking: A Meta-Analysis of What Works and for Whom (2019, background): “There are clear normative concerns associated with persistent beliefs grounded in factual inaccuracies (see Althaus, 2012), and perceptions of this kind which appear to strengthen after exposure to correction are especially worrisome (Thorson, 2016).”
Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation (2017, background): “The moderator analyses indicated that recipients of misinformation are less likely to accept the debunking messages when the countermessages simply label the misinformation as wrong rather than when they debunk the misinformation with new details (e.g., Thorson, 2013).”
Testing the Effectiveness of Correction Placement and Type on Instagram (2020, methodology): “While the logicfocused correction does include the fact that carbon dioxide disrupts the environment and causes flooding hurting plants, it is used to illustrate the misleading technique, in line with previous logic-focused corrections (e.g., Schmid and Betsch 2019; van der Linden et al. 2017).”
Effects of COVID-19 Misinformation on Information Seeking, Avoidance, and Processing: A Multicountry Comparative Study (2020, background): “As Thorson (2016) addressed, misinformation exposure actually may prevent individuals from seeking new information and instead may trigger motivated processing to protect their preexisting attitudes or beliefs.”
Creating News Literacy Messages to Enhance Expert Corrections of Misinformation on Twitter (2020, background): “Corrections can also lead people to accept correct information without changing their attitudes toward the underlying target, creating “belief echoes” (Thorson, 2016; see also Nyhan, Porter, Reifler, & Wood, 2019).”
Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Fake News: How Social Media Conditions Individuals to Be Less Critical of Political Misinformation (2021, background): “From there, directionally motivated reasoning perpetuates the dissemination of fake news – even after it has been corrected (Bullock, 2007; Thorson, 2016).”
See Something, Say Something: Correction of Global Health Misinformation on Social Media (2018, background): “Even more problematic than the prevalence of misinfor-mation is how difficult it is to correct (Nyhan, Reifler, Richey, & Freed, 2014; Thorson, 2015).”
Truth of Varying Shades: Analyzing Language in Fake News and Political Fact-Checking (2017, background): “Fact-Checking and Fake News There is research in political science exploring how effective fact-checking is at improving people’s awareness (Lord et al., 1979; Thorson, 2016; Nyhan and Reifler, 2015).”
Political Attitudes and the Processing of Misinformation Corrections (2018, background): “Retractions were generally effective in reducing (but not eliminating) the number of references made to the critical misinformation, in line with much previous research (e.g., Ecker et al., 2011; Thorson, 2016; Wilkes & Leatherbarrow, 1988).”
In Related News, That Was Wrong: The Correction of Misinformation Through Related Stories Functionality in Social Media (2015, background): “Misinformation tends to be sticky, persisting in memory, often in ways only partially related to the original misheld belief (Thorson, 2013).”
The Effects of Unsubstantiated Claims of Voter Fraud on Confidence in Elections (2021, result): “These findings reinforce previous research on the potential lasting effects of exposure to misinformation even after it is discredited (e.g., Thorson 2016).”