How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity

By Jeffery S. Isaacson, Massimo Scanziani. Neuron, 2011

1,629 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Summary Cortical processing reflects the interplay of synaptic excitation and synaptic inhibition. Rapidly accumulating evidence is highlighting the crucial role of inhibition in shaping spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity and thus underscores how a better knowledge of inhibitory circuits is necessary for our understanding of cortical function. We discuss current views of how inhibition regulates the function of cortical neurons and point to a number of important open questions.

Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c007bae777854f0f7246398c14ae8334d89c2851

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In Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

In Cognitive Neuroscience

Citations in the corpus

Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons linearly control olfactory bulb output (2013, neutral): “This dense reciprocal connectivity is thought to underlie a variety of features observed in neural circuits including gain control and sensory response tuning (Fino et al., 2013; Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011).”
Closed-loop and activity-guided optogenetic control. (2015, positive): “…within a specific, broad dynamic range (Pouille et al., 2009), for example, maintaining a critical balance of excitation and inhibition (Shu et al., 2003; Haider and McCormick, 2009; Okun and Lampl, 2008; Wehr and Zador, 2003; Xue et al., 2014; Yizhar et al., 2011b; Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011).”
The Theta-Gamma Neural Code (2013, neutral): “However, this theory is not applicable to networks with oscillating inhibition, as discussed by (Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011).”
Efficient codes and balanced networks (2016, background): “A simple solution to the second problem, the ‘implementation problem’, is to assume that the excitatory and inhibitory inputs to each neuron are balanced 8–12 , a theoretical proposal that has been largely corroborated by various experimental observations 13–15 .”
Human- versus Artificial Intelligence (2021, background): “…brain has a number of universal (inherent) working mechanisms, such as association and associative learning (Shatz, 1992; Bar, 2007), potentiation and facilitation (Katz and Miledi, 1968; Bao et al., 1997), saturation and lateral inhibition (Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011; Korteling et al., 2018a).”
Glutamate is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the Drosophila olfactory system (2013, background): “This architecture may allow for more robust gain control and rapid transitions between network states and is similar to the wiring of many cortical circuits, where corecruitment of excitation and inhibition is a common motif (41).”
Gamma-band synchronization in the neocortex: novel analysis methods and their application to sensory and motivational systems (2013, background): “Mechanisms of gamma oscillations and engagement of diferent neuron types Information processing in the brain relies on a dynamic balance between timed inhibition and excitation (Isaacson & Scanziani, 2011).”
Inhibitory synaptic plasticity: spike timing-dependence and putative network function (2013, background): “Their function is thought to be equally heterogeneous, ranging from providing global stability to neuronal dynamics to temporal selection mechanisms that control spike timing in single neurons and the degree of neuronal synchronization (Moore et al., 2010; Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011).”
Plasticity during Sleep Is Linked to Specific Regulation of Cortical Circuit Activity (2017, background): “On the other side, inhibitory activity of GABAergic interneurons has been shown, for example, to enforce precise timing of action potentials during memory encoding (Wehr and Zador, 2003; Higley, 2006; Isaacson and Scanziani, 2011).”
Plasticity of Cortical Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance (2015, background): “…to be largely involved in regulating excitation throughout neural networks, controlling the rate and precise timing of spike generation at the single-cell level, and neuronal ensemble organization and brain state at more macroscopic network levels (Fishell & Rudy 2011, Isaacson & Scanziani 2011).”
Inhibition of Inhibition in Visual Cortex: The Logic of Connections Between Molecularly Distinct Interneurons (2013, positive): “These neurons are an integral part of the cortical circuit, as they reciprocally connect to other cortical neurons[1].”