Neural stem cells confer unique pinwheel architecture to the ventricular surface in neurogenic regions of the adult brain

By Z. Mirzadeh, Florian T. Merkle, M. Soriano-Navarro, José Manuel García-Verdugo, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla. 2008

1,023 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Summary Neural stem cells (NSCs, B1 cells) are retained in the walls of the adult lateral ventricles, but unlike embryonic NSCs, are displaced from the ventricular zone (VZ) into the subventricular zone (SVZ) by ependymal cells. Apical and basal compartments, which in embryonic NSCs play essential roles in self-renewal and differentiation, are not evident in adult NSCs. Here we show that adult SVZ B1 cells extend a minute apical ending to directly contact the ventricle and a long basal process ending on blood vessels. A closer look at the ventricular surface reveals a striking pinwheel organization specific to regions of adult neurogenesis. The pinwheel’s core contains the apical endings of B1 cells and in its periphery two types of ependymal cells: multiciliated (E1) and a novel type (E2) characterized by only 2 cilia and extraordinarily complex basal bodies. These results reveal that adult NSCs retain fundamental epithelial properties, including apical and basal compartmentalization, significantly reshaping our understanding of this adult neurogenic niche.

Subfields: Developmental Neuroscience, Molecular Biology

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Citations in the corpus

The Glial Nature of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells (2009, neutral): “Type B cells that contact the ventricle through their small apical endings have relatively long basal processes, frequently oriented tangentially with specialized end feet on blood vessels (Mirzadeh et al. 2008).”
Oxygen in stem cell biology: a critical component of the stem cell niche. (2010, neutral): “This regulation is mediated through close contact of type B1 astrocytes with the cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels (Doetsch et al., 1999; Mirzadeh et al., 2008; Shen et al., 2008; Tavazoie et al., 2008).”
EphB signaling controls lineage plasticity of adult neural stem cell niche cells (2010, positive): “730 Cell Stem Cell 7, 730–743, December 3, 2010 a2010 Elsevier Inc The main niche cells in the lateral ventricle wall are ependymal cells and astrocytes, which are tightly interconnected through adherence and gap junctions (Doetsch et al., 1997; Mirzadeh et al., 2008).”
High Levels of Id1 Expression Define B1 Type Adult Neural Stem Cells (2009, neutral): “Nevertheless, in the SVZ, the B1 type stem cells are organized in a ‘‘pinwheel’’ architecture and extend a charac- teristic long single basal process within the SVZ (Mirzadeh et al., 2008).”
SSEA-1 Is an Enrichment Marker for Tumor-Initiating Cells in Human Glioblastoma (2009, neutral): “…data are applicable to the human and whether mRNA expression correlates with immunopositivity of CD133 antibodies that recognize glycosylationdependent epitopes remain unanswered questions (Coskun et al., 2008; Mirzadeh et al., 2008; Shmelkov et al., 2008; Uchida et al., 2000; Zhu et al., 2009).”
New Neurons Clear the Path of Astrocytic Processes for Their Rapid Migration in the Adult Brain (2010, neutral): “buffer, the SVZ of Gfap-EGFP mice was dissected as previously described (Mirzadeh et al., 2008) and fixed in the same fixative overnight at 4°C.”
FoxO3 regulates neural stem cell homeostasis (2009, neutral): “NSCs are located in close proximity to blood vessels in vivo and may be subjected to varying levels of oxygen (Mirzadeh et al., 2008; Shen et al., 2008; Tavazoie et al., 2008), so the ability of FoxO3 to regulate oxygen metabolism in NSCs might also play a role in the protection of these cells in vi”
Physiology of Astroglia. (2018, neutral): “These latter mostly cover asymmetric synapses localized within territorial reach of these astrocytes (1124, 1158).”
Forebrain ependymal cells are Notch-dependent and generate neuroblasts and astrocytes after stroke (2009, neutral): “Proliferating cells are abundant in the subventricular zone, which is composed of several distinct cell types representing different maturational stages in the neural lineag”
BRAIN REGENERATION IN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY: THE IMMUNE SIGNATURE DRIVING THERAPEUTIC PLASTICITY OF NEURAL STEM CELLS (2011, neutral): “Type B cell bodies are generally located just under the ependymal cell layer but have short processes that extend through the ependymal layer with small apical endings that contact the ventricle (150, 215).”
Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals a Population of Dormant Neural Stem Cells that Become Activated upon Brain Injury. (2015, neutral): “GLAST expression largely overlaps with that GFAP (Beckervordersandforth et al., 2010; Codega et al., 2014; Platel et al., 2009), and reporter expression of hGFAP-GFP together with Prom1 has been used tomark and extract SVZNSCs (Beckervordersandforth et al., 2010; Codega et al., 2014; Mirzadeh et al.”