Atg32 is a mitochondrial protein that confers selectivity during mitophagy

By T. Kanki, Ke Wang, Yang Cao, M. Baba, D. Klionsky. Developmental Cell, 2009

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Mitochondrial quality control is important to maintain proper cellular homeostasis. Although selective mitochondrial degradation by autophagy (mitophagy) is suggested to have an important role for quality control and there is evidence for a direct relation between mitophagy and neurodegenerative diseases, the molecular mechanism of mitophagy is poorly understood. Using a screen for mitophagy-deficient mutants, we found that YIL146C/ECM37 is essential for mitophagy. This gene is not required for other types of selective autophagy or for nonspecific macroautophagy. We designated this autophagy-related (ATG) gene as ATG32. The Atg32 protein localizes on mitochondria. Following the induction of mitophagy, Atg32 binds Atg11, an adaptor protein for selective types of autophagy, and then Atg32 is recruited to and imported into the vacuole along with mitochondria. Therefore, Atg32 confers selectivity for mitochondrial sequestration as a cargo and is necessary for recruitment of this organelle by the autophagy machinery for mitophagy.

Subfields: Cell Biology, Epidemiology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/baa4bf3775462b41588678f53095b040ab77e168

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Citations in the corpus

Mechanisms of mitophagy (2011, background): “Although Aup1 and Uth1 were not identified in these studies, perhaps owing to the use of different yeast strains, both groups found that the autophagy protein Atg32 is necessary for mitophag”
Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes (2017, positive): “Atg32 is the main receptor for macroautophagic responses targeting dispensable mitochondria in yeast (Kanki et al , 2009; Okamoto et al , 2009), and BCL2-like 13 (BCL2L13) has been suggested to play analogous functions in mitophagy in mouse and human cells (Murakawa et al , 2015).”
The LIR motif – crucial for selective autophagy (2013, background): “In yeast, mitophagy is orchestrated by Atg32, an integral protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) with a N-terminus that faces the cytosol and C-terminus located in the intermembrane space (Kanki et al., 2009; Okamoto et al., 2009).”
Mitophagy: mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and analysis (2012, methodology): “To quantitatively detect mitophagy in the yeast, Kanki et al. (2009) developed the Om45-GFP processing assay. Om45 is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, and a GFPtagged Om45 (GFP at the C terminus of Om45) is correctly localized on this organelle. When mitophagy is induced, mitochondria, along ”
The regulation of autophagy – unanswered questions (2011, background): “Atg8 and LC3 are also involved in cargo recognition (Kanki et al., 2009; Noda et al., 2008; Okamoto et al., 2009; Shintani et al., 2002).”
Autophagy: cellular and molecular mechanisms (2010, background): “More recently, Atg32, a mitochondriaanchored protein, was found to be required for mitophagy in yeast, where it functions through interaction with Atg8 and Atg11, suggesting that it functions as a mitochondrial receptor for mitophagy [64,65].”
The pathways of mitophagy for quality control and clearance of mitochondria (2012, methodology): “To identify factors that might account for the selectivity of mitophagy, two groups independently performed screens for yeast mutants defective in mitophagy.(41,42) Taken together, they found approximately 40 genes that were distinct from known ATGs and required for mitophagy but not bulk autophagy.”
The mitophagy pathway and its implications in human diseases (2023, background): “12 Since then, massive mitophagy receptors have been discovered, including BNIP3-like (NIX, known as BNIP3L as well), 13 FUN14 domain contains 1 (FUNDC1), 14 Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) 15 and Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1), 16 etc. ( Fig.”