Leucyl-tRNA synthetase is an intracellular leucine sensor for the mTORC1-signaling pathway.

By Jung-Min Han, Seung Jae Jeong, M. Park, Gyuyoup Kim, N. Kwon, Hoi Kyoung Kim, S. Ha, Sung Ho Ryu, Sunghoon Kim. Cell, 2012

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Nutrient sensing and signaling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2014, background): “Leucine deprivation triggers Npr2- and Npr3-dependent, Iml1 transient interaction with Gtr1.”
Regulation of mTORC1 by amino acids (2014, neutral): “Recently, two independent studies revealed another positive regulator of mTORC1 activity, the tRNA charging enzyme, leucyl tRNA-synthetase (LRS), which was found to mediate the leucine signal to mTORC1 (65, 66).”
T cell metabolism drives immunity (2015, background): “Leucine can activate mTOR via leucyltRNA synthetase, and thus it is not surprising that reduced leucine uptake impairs mTOR activation (Han et al., 2012).”
Glutaminolysis activates Rag-mTORC1 signaling. (2012, background): “This recent study together with our results suggest a model in which glutaminolysis mediates RagB activation and LRS mediates RagD activation to obtain a fully active RagB-RagD heterodimer.”
Branched Chain Amino Acids: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism (2018, background): “Intracellular Leu concentration is sensed by LeuRS, which is a key mediator for AA signaling to mTORC1 and induces mTORC1 activation via directly binding to Rag GTPase [61].”
Nutrient sensing and TOR signaling in yeast and mammals (2017, positive): “Two studies demonstrated that yeast and mammalian leucyl-tRNA synthetases (LeuRS) act as cytoplasmic leucine sensors to activate TORC1/mTORC1, although via different mechanisms (Bonfils et al , 2012; Han et al , 2012; Fig 1).”