Taking Pen to Hand: Evaluating Theories Underlying the Written Disclosure Paradigm

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Children's narratives and well-being (2007, methodology): “…with stressful events in their lives subsequently show better physical and psychological health than adults who either engage in expository writing (e.g., time diaries) or no writing control groups (see Sloan & Marx, 2004, for an overview, and Frattaroli, 2006, and Smyth, 1998, for meta-analyses).”
Effects of expressive writing on depressive symptoms—A meta‐analysis (2018, background): “Several reviews elaborate these three theories, offer further explanations for the underlying mechanisms, and summarize the findings for each theory (Baikie & Wilhelm, 2005; Pennebaker & Chung, 2011; Sloan & Marx, 2004).”
Empirical Study on the Healing Nature of Mandalas (2007, methodology): “Such results are only partially consistent with studies relying on verbal processing tasks (Sloan & Marx, 2004a, 2004b), because gains in the current study were specific to trauma symptom severity, whereas gains in verbal processing tasks appear to be more broadly ranging.”
Experimental disclosure and its moderators: a meta-analysis. (2006, background): “It has been argued elsewhere that if this theory is correct, disclosure should lead to reductions in posttraumatic stress symptoms and should also be especially helpful for participants who have a history of trauma (Sloan & Marx, 2004b).”