Methodological Measurement Fruitfulness of Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM): New Approaches to Key Substantive Issues in Motivation and Engagement

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Application of Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling to Evaluate the Academic Motivation Scale (2015, result): “Most importantly, these results are in line with those from previous ESEM studies in showing the importance of routinely comparing ESEM and CFA solutions, not only in terms of fit, but also in terms of parameter estimates (Marsh et al., 2011; Morin et al., 2013).”
Testing Measurement Invariance and Comparing Latent Factor Means Within a Confirmatory Factor Analysis Framework (2011, methodology): “An alternative approach is to estimate an ESEM model for invariance testing, thus allowing for a less restrictive model and a smaller interfactor correlation (Marsh et al., 2011).”
Current Methodological Considerations in Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (2011, methodology): “In general, EFA can be used to (a) explore poorly fitting CFA models, (b) explore factor structures without strong hypotheses, and (c) confirm a factor structure based on strong hypotheses when the independent cluster assumption of CFA is unrealistic, such as ESEM (see Marsh et al., 2011).”