Signaling Functions of Reactive Oxygen Species
By H. Forman, M. Maiorino, F. Ursini. Biochemistry, 2010
793 citations recorded by the source corpus.
We review signaling by reactive oxygen species, which is emerging as a major physiological process. However, among the reactive oxygen species, H2O2 best fulfills the requirements of being a second messenger. Its enzymatic production and degradation, along with the requirements for the oxidation of thiols by H2O2, provide the specificity for time and place that are required in signaling. Both thermodynamic and kinetic considerations suggest that among possible oxidation states of cysteine, formation of sulfenic acid derivatives or disulfides can be relevant as thiol redox switches in signaling. In this work, the general constraints that are required for protein thiol oxidation by H2O2 to be fast enough to be relevant for signaling are discussed in light of the mechanism of oxidation of the catalytic cysteine or selenocysteine in thiol peroxidases. While the nonenzymatic reaction between thiol and H2O2 is, in most cases, too slow to be relevant in signaling, the enzymatic catalysis of thiol oxidation by these peroxidases provides a potential mechanism for redox signaling.
Subfields: Biochemistry, Immunology, Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a81bd795466311cf0ddfff0183eacdf073f7cd2d
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Citations in the corpus
- Superoxide dismutases: Dual roles in controlling ROS damage and regulating ROS signaling (2018, neutral): “Finally, it is noteworthy that at neutral pH, the rate constant for thiol oxidation by superoxide (<103 M−1 s−1) is far lower than the rate constant for SODs (>109 M−1s−1; Forman et al., 2010).”
- Oxidative Stress, Prooxidants, and Antioxidants: The Interplay (2014, background): “2 best fulfills the requirements of being a second messenger [84].”
- Glutathione Peroxidase-1 in Health and Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities (2011, neutral): “Also, at low levels, hydrogen peroxide plays a role as a second messenger in signal transduction by modulating the oxidation state of redox-sensitive cysteines (Cys) to promote kinase function (133, 284, 390).”
- Hydrogen peroxide sensing, signaling and regulation of transcription factors (2014, background): “If these enzymes had only an antioxidant function, why is there such a variety? For all these reasons, it was concluded that a signaling protein like PTP1B that is redox regulated by H2O2 [16][17][18] but has a low reactivity towards H2O2 [19], could not be a direct sensor of H2O2 [20][21][22][13].”
- Reactive Oxygen Species (2014, background): “Oxidation of peroxiredoxins affects their direct binding to a number of regulatory proteins such as c-Myc and JNK [5].”
- Hydrogen peroxide as a central redox signaling molecule in physiological oxidative stress: Oxidative eustress☆ (2017, background): “Among the various oxygen metabolites, H2O2 is considered most suitable for redox signaling [1,73].”