Measures of complexity: a nonexhaustive list

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Complex systems: physics beyond physics (2016, background): “One classification is suggested by Lloyd [42] where measures are grouped according to the questions they are supposed to answer, namely”
Sustaining Superior Performance in Business Ecosystems: Evidence from Application Software Developers in the iOS and Android Smartphone Ecosystems (2017, background): “Independent variables: Complexity has been defined and measured in many different ways across different scientific fields (Lloyd, 2001).”
The Statistical Trends of Protein Evolution: A Lesson from AlphaFold Database (2022, neutral): “Although the mathematical definition of complexity is still controversial (Lloyd 2001), different measures of organismal complexity (e.g., number of cell types, genome size, proteome size, etc.) are correlated (Markov et al. 2010; Niklas et al. 2014).”
Input complexity and out-of-distribution detection with likelihood-based generative models (2019, background): “However, to further study the observed phenomenon, and despite the difﬁculty in quantifying the multiple aspects that affect the complexity of an input (cf. Lloyd, 2001), we have to adopt one.”