Climate forcings in Goddard Institute for Space Studies SI2000 simulations

By J. Hansen, Makiko Sato, L. Nazarenko, R. Ruedy, Andrew A. Lacis, D. Koch, I. Tegen, T. Hall, D. Shindell, Benjamin D. Santer and 18 more. 2002

357 citations recorded by the source corpus.

[1] We define the radiative forcings used in climate simulations with the SI2000 version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global climate model. These include temporal variations of well-mixed greenhouse gases, stratospheric aerosols, solar irradiance, ozone, stratospheric water vapor, and tropospheric aerosols. Our illustrations focus on the period 1951–2050, but we make the full data sets available for those forcings for which we have earlier data. We illustrate the global response to these forcings for the SI2000 model with specified sea surface temperature and with a simple Q-flux ocean, thus helping to characterize the efficacy of each forcing. The model yields good agreement with observed global temperature change and heat storage in the ocean. This agreement does not yield an improved assessment of climate sensitivity or a confirmation of the net climate forcing because of possible compensations with opposite changes of these quantities. Nevertheless, the results imply that observed global temperature change during the past 50 years is primarily a response to radiative forcings. It is also inferred that the planet is now out of radiation balance by 0.5 to 1 W/m 2 and that additional global warming of about 0.5� C is already ‘‘in the pipeline.’’ INDEX TERMS: 1620 Global Change: Climate dynamics (3309); 1635 Global Change: Oceans (4203); 1650 Global Change: Solar variability;

Subfields: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a36b281bd0fac2d31fae0610275857280ee5a275

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The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Atmospheric Science

1. M. Webb
2. Piers M. Forster
3. D. Shindell
4. J. Gregory
5. K. Taylor
6. Reto Knutti
7. M. Zelinka
8. Stephen A. Klein

In Global and Planetary Change

1. M. Webb
2. Piers M. Forster
3. D. Shindell
4. J. Gregory
5. Reto Knutti
6. K. Taylor
7. M. Zelinka
8. Stephen A. Klein

Citations in the corpus

• Behavior of tropopause height and atmospheric temperature in models, reanalyses, and observations: Decadal changes (2003, methodology): “[ 98 ] Many aspects of this behavior are reproduced in the ECHAM GSOP experiment [ Roeckner et al. , 1999; Bengts-son et al. , 1999] and in the GISS SI2000 integrations [ Hansen et al. , 2002].”
• Evolution of the solar irradiance during the Holocene (2011, background): “Variations in this external source obviously affect the climate, although there is still considerable uncertainty and debate on the level of this effect (Haigh 2001; Hansen et al. 2002, 2005; Solomon 2007; Camp & Tung 2007).”
• An assessment of three alternatives to linear trends for characterizing global atmospheric temperature changes (2004, neutral): “…periods of quasi-linear change in global surface temperature, with differing trends during different periods, including one period with little or no change [Delworth and Knutson, 2000; Zwiers and Weaver, 2000; Stott et al., 2000; Hansen et al., 2002; Meehl et al., 2003; Broccoli et al., 2003].”
• Tropospheric Adjustment Induces a Cloud Component in CO2 Forcing (2008, methodology): “We have shown that this definition of forcing agrees fairly well with results from the method introduced by Hansen et al. (2002), and developed by Shine et al.”
• Efficacy of climate forcings (2005, methodology): “Ea 1 for tropospheric O3 agrees with results from an earlier GISS model [Hansen, 2002].”
• Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences ModelE atmospheric general circulation model (2006, methodology): “) This distribution was prescribed in the experiments of Hansen et al. (2002) and is available in the initial public release of modelE (Schmidt et al.”
• Distant origins of Arctic black carbon: A Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE experiment (2005, background): “Rosen and Hansen [1984] report that BC in aircraft observations over Barrow increase by a factor of 3 above the boundary layer.”
• Global indirect aerosol effects: a review (2004, neutral): “…system imposed by external factors, with no changes in stratospheric dynamics, without any surface and tropospheric feedbacks in operation, and with no dynamically-induced changes in the amount and distribution of atmospheric water (as termed adjusted forcing F a by Hansen et al. (2002), see Fig.”
• Simulation of direct radiative forcing of aerosols and their effects on East Asian climate using an interactive AGCM-aerosol coupled system (2012, methodology): “This is referred to as the semi-direct effect of aerosols ( Hansen et al. 1997; Ackerman et al. 2000).”