Efficacy of climate forcings

By J. Hansen, Makiko Sato, R. Ruedy, L. Nazarenko, Andrew A. Lacis, Gavin A. Schmidt, G. Russell, I. Aleinov, M. Bauer, S. Bauer and 35 more. 2005

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Citations in the corpus

An overview of the Earth system science of solar geoengineering (2016, background): “A substantial portion of the climate system response to radiative forcing is due to temperature-related feedbacks and is relatively independent of the particular forcing agent.(97) In the case of SAI, the latitudinal distribution of radiative forcing from SAI deployed in the tropical lower stratosph”
The Dependence of Radiative Forcing and Feedback on Evolving Patterns of Surface Temperature Change in Climate Models (2015, methodology): “In the tropical Pa-ciﬁc, warming is initially delayed in the east for the ﬁrst few years after the perturbation (see also Held et al. 2010), presumably because of the upwelling of cold unperturbed waters (e.g., Clement et al. 1996; Held et al. 2010).”
Volcanoes and ENSO over the Past Millennium (2007, background): “3) Titanium (Ti) content (in percent) in the Cariaco basin sediments core at ODP site 1002 (10°N, 65°W) as in (Haug et al. 2001).”
Simulation of direct radiative forcing of aerosols and their effects on East Asian climate using an interactive AGCM-aerosol coupled system (2012, result): “The magnitude and seasonal variation of the simulated AODs agreed closely with CARSNET observations at Ejinaqi, Dunhuang, and Beijing, but the simulated values were slightly lower than observations at Lin’an, Pudong, and Lasa.”
Polar Amplification in CCSM4: Contributions from the Lapse Rate and Surface Albedo Feedbacks (2014, methodology): “Forcings associated with a change of the atmospheric content of CO2 or a change of the solar constant do not directly contribute to polar temperature amplification, since the induced radiative imbalance at TOA is larger at lower than at high latitudes (Hansen et al. 2005).”
The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source (2007, background): “Ozone in the upper troposphere has a larger impact on the radiative forcing of the 15 atmosphere than ozone generated near the Earth surface because of lower ambient temperatures and smaller optical depth of the air mass above that level (Chalita et al., 1990; Lacis et al., 1990; Strand and Hov, 199”
Paleoclimate Implications for Human-Made Climate Change (2011, background): “Useful applications will require definition of an appropriate effective forcing, i.e., a forcing that incorporates the efficacy (Hansen et al. 2005) of the orbital forcing as a function of latitude and season.”
Site-specific global warming potentials of biogenic CO2 for bioenergy: contributions from carbon fluxes and albedo dynamics (2012, background): “This enables a consistent comparison of the various forcing agents in terms of their ‘effective radiative forcing’ [60, 73].”
Developments in the MPI‐M Earth System Model version 1.2 (MPI‐ESM1.2) and Its Response to Increasing CO2 (2019, background): “HeretheSSTisprescribedtopreindustrialconditions(sstClim)and the evolution of anthropogenic aerosols alone exerts a negative impact on the top-of-atmosphere radiation balance, which can be interpreted as an effective radiative forcing (Hansen et al., 2005; Pincus et al., 2016).”
Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: from CMIP3 to CMIP5 (2013, methodology): “The aerosol optical depth s is converted to radiative forcing Fv (Wm -2) according to the relationship Fv = - 23 s suggested by Hansen et al. (2005).”