Human Amygdala Responsivity to Masked Fearful Eye Whites

By P. Whalen, Jerome Kagan, R. Cook, F. Davis, Hackjin Kim, Sara Polis, Donald G. McLaren, Leah H. Somerville, Ashly A. McLean, Jeffrey S. Maxwell and 1 more. Science, 2004

777 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d5c98fe856f5c224ad76d0f2c1a7f085a63a60a

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In Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

Citations in the corpus

How do eye gaze and facial expression interact? (2008, result): “…4 also revealed no effects of gaze on the ratings of the other expressions, which is also consistent with the idea that gaze forms a specific component of the fearful face signal only (see, e.g., Adolphs et al., 2005; Morris et al., 2002; Smith et al., 2005; Vuilleumier, 2005; Whalen et al., 2004).”
Neural bases of eye and gaze processing: the core of social cognition. (2009, positive): “Fear and surprise are characterized by wide open eyes and by a larger white sclera size (Whalen et al., 2004) and masking the eye region results in a drop of fear recognition performances (Adolphs et al., 2005).”
The eye contact effect: mechanisms and development. (2009, neutral): “For example, Whalen et al. [ 56 ] demonstrated that the extent of white sclera field”
Uncovering theMechanisms ofAffectiveBiases inPerception (2009, background): “, wide-open eyes or sharp-edged objects) may be sufficient to activate the amygdala (Bar & Neta, 2007; Whalen et al., 2004).”
Functional imaging studies of emotion regulation: A synthetic review and evolving model of the cognitive control of emotion (2012, neutral): “…one hand, decrease goals reliably modulate the amygdala’s ventral (corresponding to the basal and lateral amygdala nuclei) and dorsal portions (corresponding to the central nucleus) as well as the sublenticular extended amygdala (SLEA 30, 92, 93 ) that lies between the amygdala and the striatum.”
Subcortical face processing (2005, background): “In a recent study, the extent of white scleral field around the pupil of the eye was shown to regulate amygdala responses, with the larger scleral field associated with fearful faces eliciting greater activatio”
A Review of Adversity, The Amygdala and the Hippocampus: A Consideration of Developmental Timing (2009, positive): “…| Volume 3 | Article 68 | 9 that negative events activate amygdala response above and beyond positive events (Morris et al., 1998; Hamann et al., 2002; Whalen et al., 2004) – suggesting that the adult amygdala discriminates based not only on arousal properties but also on the valence of stimuli.”
EvaluaTiNg faCES ON TruSTwOrThiNESS afTEr miNimal TimE ExpOSurE (2009, background): “…with functional neuroimaging studies showing that the amygdala can be activated by the affective value of emotional faces of which participants are unaware (e.g., Pasley, Mayes, & Schultz, 2004; Whalen et al., 1998; Whalen et al., 2004; Williams, Morris, McGlone, Abbott, & Mattingley, 2004).”
Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: from animal models to human behavior. (2005, background): “Adapted from Whalen et al. (2004). occurred (Adolphs et al., 1995; Cahill et al., 1995; Phelps et al., 1998).”
Functional Connectivity of the Human Amygdala using Resting State fMRI (2008, background): “Neuroimaging studies have also demonstrated structural (Sheline et al., 1998) as well as functional (Morris et al., 2001; Ball et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2003; Whalen et al., 2004) distinctions in the human amygdala that parallel those observed in animals.”
On the relationship between emotion and cognition (2008, background): “They are also believed to operate fast and in an automatic fashion, so that certain trigger features (for example, the white of the eyes in a fearful expressio”
A systems approach to appraisal mechanisms in emotion (2005, positive): “Recently, Whalen et al. (2004) took advantage of the fact that the eye region of the face is a key region where expression information is extracted (e.g. Adolphs et al., 2005) in order to investigate whether the amygdala is sensitive to fearful eyes presented in isolation.”
Behavioural and physiological assessment of positive and negative emotion in sheep (2009, background): “…psychophysiological research (Hubert & de Jong-Meyer 1990; Collet et al. 1997) include facial expressions (Bradley & Lang 2000), amount of eyewhite (Whalen et al. 2004) and pupil size (Granholm & Steinhauer 2004), as well as cardiorespiratory measures (Rainville et al. 2006; Brotman et al. 2007)…”
5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts human cingulate-amygdala interactions: a genetic susceptibility mechanism for depression (2005, background): “Because even simple emotionally-charged stimuli (for example, masked fearful eye-whites) are processed in the human brain by distributed interactive network”
Emotion and cognition: insights from studies of the human amygdala. (2006, result): “Consistent with the imaging results (Whalen et al. 2004), the identification of fear seemed to depend critically on the eyes.”
How brains beware: neural mechanisms of emotional attention. (2005, background): “However, we still need to elucidate the crucial sensory events [39,47, 58 ] and extent of cortical processing [23,48,57,59,70,71] necessary to activate the amygdala.”
The Neural Bases of Distraction and Reappraisal (2010, neutral): “…thought to signal the degree to which a stimulus that is detected in the environment requires some sort of further processing—whether it be to bring the stimulus into focal attention, to prepare motor responses, or to enhance encoding into memory (Phelps, 2006; Whalen et al., 2004; LeDoux, 1996).”