The Structure of Social Disparities in Education: Gender and Wealth
By D. Filmer. 2000
211 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Using internationally comparable household data sets (Demographic and Health Surveys), the author investigates how gender and wealth interact to generate within country inequalities in educational enrollment and attainment. He carries out multivariate analysis to assess the partial relationship between educational outcomes and gender, wealth, household characteristics (including level of education of adults, in the households), and community characteristics (including the presence of schools in the community). He finds that: 1) women are at a great educational disadvantage in countries in South Asia and North, Western, and Central Africa. 2) Gender gaps are large in a subset of countries, but wealth gaps are large in almost all of the countries studied. Moreover, in some countries where there is a heavy female disadvantage in enrollment (Egypt, India, Morocco, Niger, and Pakistan), wealth interacts with gender to exacerbate the gap in the educational outcomes. In India, for example, where there is a 2.5 percentage point difference between male and female enrollment for children from the richest households, the difference is 34 percentage points for children from the poorest households. 3) The education level of adults in the household has a significant impact on the enrollment of children in all the countries studied, even after controlling for wealth. The effect of the educational level of adult female is larger than that of the education level of adult males in some, but not all, of the countries studied. 4) The presence of a primary and a secondary school in the community has a significant relationship with enrollment in some countries only (notably in Western and Central Africa). The relationship appears not to systematically differ by children's gender.
Subfields: Safety Research, Sociology and Political Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9caff429a1987111be676eec2c0d00cf1275580e
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Citations in the corpus
- Dropping Out: Why are Students Leaving Junior High in China's Poor Rural Areas? (2012, background): “Studies conducted throughout the world have found that poverty correlates closely with low levels of educational attainment and high dropout rates (Brown and Park, 2002; Filmer, 2000).”
- Health literacy: addressing the health and education divide. (2001, background): “Educated women are more likely to postpone marriage and childbirth, give better health care to their families, and send their children to school and contribute to overall economic growth (Filmer, 1999).”
- Education and poverty in rural China (2002, methodology): “In developing countries, poverty is often associated with low levels of educational attainment, as well as larger gender gaps in education (Filmer 2000).”
- What Policies Will Reduce Gender Schooling Gaps in Developing Countries: Evidence and Interpretation (2008, background): “This is an impressive array of cases, but Filmer’s (1999) comprehensive analysis of comparable Demographic and Health Surveys for a sample of 19 countries cautions against making general claims about gender differences in impacts.”
- Socioeconomic Status and Academic Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis (2019, methodology): “Filmer and Pritchett (2001) used an index of assets and standard of living over time, arguing that this index captures a family’s social class better. Parental education remains an important predictor of academic outcomes in developing countries (Patrinos & Psacharopoulos, 1996; Pufall et al. 2016; ”
- Consumption, health, gender, and poverty (2003, background): “We know that this is sometimes the case for education, where discrimination against girls is usually more severe among the lower income groups, Filmer (1999).”