COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy

By Xuetao Cao. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2020

1,453 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes and a cytokine storm. Significant antibody production is observed; however, whether this is protective or pathogenic remains to be determined. Defining the immunopathological changes in patients with COVID-19 provides potential targets for drug discovery and is important for clinical management. In the short time since SARS-CoV2 emerged, much has been learned about the immunopathology of the infection. Here, Xuetao Cao discusses what these early insights imply for drug discovery and clinical management.

Subfields: Infectious Diseases, Neurology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b7392af37242b0bc1880cb14e57f0bf55d40f86

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Citations in the corpus

COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics (2020, methodology): “A neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting the receptor-binding domain of the S protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus has been shown to enhance virus entry into cells via the Fc portion of the antibody bound to the Fc receptor (FcR) on cells.(43) This supports the relationship b”
Automated medical diagnosis of COVID-19 through EfficientNet convolutional neural network (2020, background): “On the one hand, numerous researchers from the medicine domain are developing drugs to stop the virus prefoliation [11, 12].”
Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Identified by High-Throughput Single-Cell Sequencing of Convalescent Patients’ B Cells (2020, positive): “led to a clear clinical improvement of both mild and severe COVID-19 patients when used as a therapeutic modality (Chen et al., 2020; Shen et al., 2020; Cao, 2020).”
Insights into SARS-CoV-2 genome, structure, evolution, pathogenesis and therapies: Structural genomics approach (2020, neutral): “lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages occurs in large numbers resulting in the secretion of interleukin-6 [128].”
Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms (2021, background): “However, approximately 15% progress to severe pneumonia, with ∼5% eventually developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock and/or multiple organ failure (Cao, 2020; Huang C. et al., 2020).”
Immune Response, Inflammation, and the Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19 (2020, background): “It is at this crucial moment when immune regulatory events, still poorly understood, will lead to the development of either a protective immune response or an exacerbated inflammatory response (18, 19, 58, 59).”
Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science (2020, positive): “Furthermore, questions remain regarding the possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement of COVID-19, with in vitro experiments, animal studies, and two studies of COVID-19 patients supporting this possibility (Cao, 2020; Tetro, 2020; Zhang et al., 2020a; Zhao et al., 2020a).”
COVID-19 and the human innate immune system (2021, background): “Not surprisingly, trials targeting cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1, IFNg, IL-1R, TNF, CXCL8, GM-CSF, GM-CSF receptor, or IL-37 have been reported, as well as strategies attempting to achieve disruption of chemokine signaling (e.g., via CCR1, CCR2, and CCR5) to prevent overt innate immune cell recruitme”
COVID-19 immune features revealed by a large-scale single-cell transcriptome atlas (2021, neutral): “1908 Cell 184, 1895–1913, April 1, 2021 Interactions of hyper-inflammatory cell subtypes in lung and peripheral blood A cytokine storm may cause immunopathological injury to the lung, and large amounts of infiltrating inflammatory immune cells have been demonstrated in the pulmonary tissue of COVID-”
Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19 (2020, methodology): “The patients with critical infection (S2–S6 and S8–S10) were diagnosed on the basis of one of the following criteria: (1) respiratory failure and an artificial airway required for invasive mechanical ventilation; (2) shock; and (3) combined failure of other organs that required intensive care unit m”
Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies (2020, background): “The innate and adaptive immune responses activated by SARS- CoV-2 infection lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses and ultimately cause the cytokine storm (14).”
Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals (2020, neutral): “Immunopathogenesis in COVID-19 is a serious concern (Cao, 2020; Peeples, 2020).”