Access to Finance by Ethnic Minority Businesses in the UK

By D. Smallbone, Monder Ram, D. Deakins, Robert B Aldock. 2003

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The latent demand for bank debt: characterizing “discouraged borrowers” (2012, background): “Similarly, recent studies have explored the extent of credit constraints faced by innovative small firms (Freel 2007), ethnic minorities ( Smallbone et al. 2003 ) and start-ups (Blumberg and Letterie 2008).”
INVITED ARTICLE THE EFFECTS OF ETHNICITY, FAMILIES AND CULTURE ON ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPERIENCE: AN EXTENSION OF SUSTAINABLE FAMILY BUSINESS THEORY (2008, background): “ACB were more likely to depend on self-financing, more likely to use nonbank formal sources, and less likely to pursue informal credit for startups (Smallbone et al., 2003).”
Small business financing in the UK before and during the current financial crisis (2012, background): “…women are less likely to seek external finance (Carter and Shaw, 2006; Coleman and Cohn, 2000) and ethnic minority (especially black) owners are significantly more likely to encounter financing problems (Bank of England, 1999; Biggs et al., 2002; Fraser, 2009; Smallbone et al., 2003; Storey, 2004).”