Current concepts in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.

By M. Zarbin. A M A Archives of Ophthalmology, 2004

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The retinal pigment epithelium in visual function. (2005, background): “A reduced capability to absorb light energy is an important factor in the cascade of events leading to agerelated macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause for blindness in industrialized countries (20, 45, 52, 84, 86, 261, 311, 659).”
Oxidative Stress and Autophagy (2006, neutral): “As in other oxidizing conditions, these free radicals mediate cellular damage by destabilizing the lysosomal membrane and enzyme leakage (84).”
THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL CHOROID (2009, background): “In the atrophic (dry) form of AMD the submacular choriocapillaris degenerates; it is unknown if this is a cause or consequence of the inflammatory response that causes the pathologic changes in the choroidal/RPE extracellular matrix (Zarbin, 2004).”
Para-inflammation in the aging retina. (2009, background): “In addition, changes in certain inflammatory pathways have also been observed in the aging choroidal tissue, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of age-related retinal disease such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Zarbin, 2004).”