Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species

By J. Turrens. Journal of Physiology, 2003

4,897 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94044abba3b8d1a0b214ceb53039fe443f8097ba

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Citations in the corpus

Chemical Basis of Reactive Oxygen Species Reactivity and Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2019, background): “Electron leaks, which represent around 1–3% of the total electron production, may occur in complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase) of the electron transport chain and leads to the production of O2•‒ [11].”
Reactive Species and Antioxidants. Redox Biology Is a Fundamental Theme of Aerobic Life (2006, background): “Whereas cytochrome oxidase releases no ROS (a beautifully evolved enzyme complex), some earlier components of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain can leak electrons directly to O2, although passing the bulk of them onto the next component in the chain (Turrens, 2003).”
Calcium and ROS: A mutual interplay (2015, background): “Generation of ROS by mitochondria has been considered for a long time to be only a byproduct of oxidative metabolism in the course of ATP production [151,164].”
Calcium, ATP, and ROS: a mitochondrial love-hate triangle. (2004, background): “In vitro, electrons entering at complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) can flow backward through complex I to make ROS (201, 202).”
Reactive oxygen species, heat stress and oxidative-induced mitochondrial damage. A review (2014, background): “The species formed is known as singlet oxygen and is a powerful oxidant because the two electrons with opposing spins can quickly react with other pairs of electrons, especially double bonds [3].”
Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health. (2004, background): “Thus, oxidative stress (a deleterious imbalance between the production and removal of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, inflammation, kwashiorkor (predominantly protein deficiency), seizure, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s dis”
Glutathione Is a Key Player in Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress Defenses (2012, background): “Finally, metals can activate pro-oxidative enzymes such as NADPH oxidases and lipoxygenases [13,93,98,99].”
Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals (2007, background): “Superoxide dismutase converts O 2 −• into hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2”
Mechanisms of Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress and Toxicity (2013, background): “NP can catalyze the O 2 ∙− generation either by blocking the electron transport chain or accelerating electron transfer to molecular oxygen [54, 55].”
Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Aging (2011, background): “O2− can be converted to nonradical derivatives such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) either spontaneously or catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) [9–13].”
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease (2013, background): “Complexes I, II, III and some dehydrogenases of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle may also generate superoxide anion [128, 131].”