PEROXISOMAL β-OXIDATION AND PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR–ACTIVATED RECEPTOR α: An Adaptive Metabolic System

By J. Reddy, T. Hashimoto. 2001

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PPARs and the complex journey to obesity (2004, background): “PPAR-α: from fasting to hyperlipidemia PPAR-α is expressed predominantly in liver and, to a lesser extent, in heart and muscle, where it has a crucial role in controlling fatty acid oxidatio”
International Union of Pharmacology. LXI. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (2006, background): “…s on O c t ob e r 8 , 2023 ph a r m r e v . a s p e tj ou r n a l s . o r g D o w n l o a d e d fr o m lates gluconeogenesis and ketone body synthesis, and is involved in the control of lipoprotein assembly (Staels et al., 1995; Vu-Dac et al., 1995; Kersten et al., 1999; Reddy and Hashimoto, 2001).”
Activation of PPARα and PPARγ by Environmental Phthalate Monoesters (2003, background): “…retinoid X receptor bind to and trans-activate peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) found in the 5 -regulatory region of PPC-activated genes, such as acylCoA oxidase (ACOX), peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme, and cytochrome P450 4A, a fatty-acid -hydroxylase (Reddy and Hashimoto, 2001).”
Lipid metabolism and liver inflammation. II. Fatty liver disease and fatty acid oxidation. (2006, background): “2), with -oxidation confined to mitochondria and peroxisomes and CYP4A-catalyzed -oxidation occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum (19, 20).”