Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay

By Michael Fenech. Nature Protocols, 2007

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Molecular mechanisms of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud formation in mammalian and human cells. (2011, background): “In contrast, an NPB caused by misrepair of DNA breaks has a low probability of occurring within the telomeric sequences and is therefore likely to be telomere negative (8,9).”
The cGAS–cGAMP–STING pathway connects DNA damage to inflammation, senescence, and cancer (2018, methodology): “The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, which scores the frequency of micronuclei, has been a widely used method to assess the genotoxicity of different chemical or radioactive mutagens (Fenech, 2007).”
Catastrophic nuclear envelope collapse in cancer cell micronuclei (2013, background): “Because they are strongly correlated with mitotic errors, MN are regarded as an accurate indicator of genomic instability and aneuploidy (Fenech, 2007).”
Escherichia coli induces DNA damage in vivo and triggers genomic instability in mammalian cells (2010, neutral): “Anaphase bridges (35), micronuclei, and nucleoplasmic bridges (13) were scored as described.”
NanoGenotoxicology: the DNA damaging potential of engineered nanomaterials. (2009, background): “Additionally, nucleoplasmic bridges (a biomarker of chromosome rearrangement) and nuclear buds (a biomarker of amplified DNA) can be scored in the binucleated cells, as can assessment of cytostatic effects, apoptosis and cytotoxicity [199–201].”