The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance
By C. Arias, B. Murray. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2012
1,647 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The genus Enterococcus includes some of the most important nosocomial multidrug-resistant organisms, and these pathogens usually affect patients who are debilitated by other, concurrent illnesses and undergoing prolonged hospitalization. This Review discusses the factors involved in the changing epidemiology of enterococcal infections, with an emphasis on Enterococcus faecium as an emergent and challenging nosocomial problem. The effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and on colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci are highlighted, including how enterococci benefit from the antibiotic-mediated eradication of Gram-negative members of the gut microbiota. Analyses of enterococcal genomes indicate that there are certain genetic lineages, including an E. faecium clade of ancient origin, with the ability to succeed in the hospital environment, and the possible virulence determinants that are found in these genetic lineages are discussed. Finally, we review the most important mechanisms of resistance to the antibiotics that are used to treat vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a6550d4363001bdf21755b9f05bdfda3f79772e
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- William R. Miller
- Sirijan Santajit
- David M. P. De Oliveira
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- N. Indrawattana
- C. Arias
- B. Forde
- T. Kidd
Citations in the corpus
- Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in enterococci (2014, background): “faecium in the USA have surpassed 80% [8].”
- Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance (2016, background): “Vancomycin resistance is especially relevant in enterococci (particularly E. faecium ), and it is usually accompanied by the presence of other resistance determinants, making the treatment of infections caused by these organisms an important clinical challenge (73).”
- Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens (2020, background): “, the natural D-Ala–D-Ala termini are replaced with either D-Ala-D-lactate or D-Ala–D-serine) and (ii) the production of D,D-carboxypeptidases that eliminate residual natural D-Ala– D-Ala precursors from the host cell (184, 206).”
- The Enterococcus: a Model of Adaptability to Its Environment (2019, background): “The incidence of enterococcal infections has been increasing steadily since the late 1970s (13, 85, 86).”
- Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens (2016, background): “In addition, clade A has acquired several virulence determinants and resistance genes from the presence of insertion sequence 16 (IS16) and a gene encoding the ampicillin-resistant PBP5 (pbp5R) while clade B has been shown to have a gene encoding for ampicillin-sensitive PBP5 (pbp5S) [38].”