Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens

By Sirijan Santajit, N. Indrawattana. BioMed Research International, 2016

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The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are the leading cause of nosocomial infections throughout the world. Most of them are multidrug resistant isolates, which is one of the greatest challenges in clinical practice. Multidrug resistance is amongst the top three threats to global public health and is usually caused by excessive drug usage or prescription, inappropriate use of antimicrobials, and substandard pharmaceuticals. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of these bacteria is crucial for the development of novel antimicrobial agents or other alternative tools to combat these public health challenges. Greater mechanistic understanding would also aid in the prediction of underlying or even unknown mechanisms of resistance, which could be applied to other emerging multidrug resistant pathogens. In this review, we summarize the known antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of ESKAPE pathogens.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Food Science, Molecular Medicine

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1fb82f1f63d598fc3b6e3ae59289b7dddfcccd36

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Citations in the corpus

• Health care-associated infections – an overview (2018, background): “[42] [43] [44] Multiple studies report that Gram-negative organisms are responsible for 10%, 45 20%-40%, 46 of HCAIs and that antimicrobial resistance places a significant burden on the global health care system, particularly in low resource countries.”
• Emerging Strategies to Combat ESKAPE Pathogens in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review (2019, background): “The mechanisms of multidrug resistance exhibited by ESKAPE are broadly grouped into three categories namely, drug inactivation commonly by an irreversible cleavage catalyzed by an enzyme, modification of the target site where the antibiotic may bind, reduced accumulation of drug either due to reduce”
• Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: The Most Critical Pathogens (2021, background): “as ventilators and blood catheters [8,9].”