An infalling observer in AdS/CFT

By K. Papadodimas, S. Raju. 2012

403 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A bstractWe describe the experience of an observer falling into a black hole using the AdS/CFT correspondence. In order to do this, we reconstruct the local bulk operators measured by the observer along his trajectory outside the black hole. We then extend our construction beyond the black hole horizon. We show that this is possible because of an effective doubling of the observables in the boundary theory, when it is in a purestate that is close to the thermal state. Our construction allows us to rephrase questions about information-loss and the structure of the metric at the horizon in terms of more familiar CFT correlators. It suggests that to precisely identify black-hole microstates, the observer would need to conduct measurements to an accuracy of $ {e^{{-{S_{\mathrm{BH}}}}}} $. This appears to be inconsistent with the “fuzzball” proposal, and other recent proposals in which pure states in the ensemble of the black hole are represented by macroscopically distinct geometries. Furthermore, our description of the black hole interior in terms of CFT operators provides a natural realization of black hole complementarity and a method of preserving unitarity without “firewalls.”

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/810258060588b9be26ab4180c5419faaf21b9093

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. D. Harlow
2. S. Raju
3. D. Stanford
4. R. Myers
5. J. Maldacena
6. S. Shenker
7. L. Susskind
8. Zhenbin Yang

In Nuclear and High Energy Physics

1. S. Raju
2. D. Harlow
3. R. Myers
4. D. Stanford
5. J. Maldacena
6. S. Shenker
7. Zhenbin Yang
8. Ahmed Almheiri

In Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

1. D. Harlow
2. S. Raju
3. D. Stanford
4. R. Myers
5. J. Maldacena
6. S. Shenker
7. Zhenbin Yang
8. Ahmed Almheiri

Citations in the corpus

• Time Dependence of Hawking Radiation Entropy (2013, background): “” This paper has elicited a large number of responses, some of which support the firewall idea [162, 163, 164, 165, 166], others seem rather agnostic [167, 168, 169], and yet others of which raise skepticism about it [170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 154, 175, 157, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183].”
• Traversable wormholes via a double trace deformation (2016, background): “The bulk field operator φR(x) in the eternal black hole background can be understood as a non-local CFT operator [41].”
• Remarks on the necessity and implications of state-dependence in the black hole interior (2015, methodology): “One can also argue for the existence of these right movers and the appropriate entanglement — as we did in [7] — by using the semi-classical intuition that, at late times, the collapsing geometry approaches the eternal black hole where these right movers originate from a left asymptotic region, whic”
• An apologia for firewalls (2013, background): “[41], the early and late Hilbert spaces are the fine and coarse Hilbert spaces.”
• Notes on Some Entanglement Properties of Quantum Field Theory (2018, background): “It has been used in a number of recent developments, including an attempt to see behind the horizon of a black hole [9], a proof of the quantum null energy condition [10], and too many others to properly cite here.”
• Cool horizons for entangled black holes (2013, background): “See [16] for a proposal to describe interiors that is similar to what we are saying here(2).”
• The Page curve of Hawking radiation from semiclassical geometry (2019, background): “One can view the resulting geometry as a particular realization of the ER=EPR [14,15] idea (see also [16,17]).”
• The Holographic Nature of Null Infinity (2020, background): “This resolution is, of course, not new and the same as the resolution suggested by the ideas of black hole complementarity [44, 45, 46] and ER=EPR [47].”
• Inconsistency of islands in theories with long-range gravity (2021, background): “where Y`(Ω) is a spherical harmonic corresponding to the angular momentum quantum numbers ` and ψω,` are radial mode functions that are discussed in greater detail in [123].”
• APS Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research: Invited article on entanglement properties of quantum field theory (2018, background): “It has been used in a number of recent developments, including an attempt to see behind the horizon of a black hole (Papadodiamas and Raju, 2013), a proof of the quantum null energy condition (Balakrishnan, 2017), and too many others to properly cite here.”
• Complexity and entanglement for thermofield double states (2018, background): “, the time-evolution of entanglement entropy [3], scrambling and quantum chaos [4–6], firewalls [7–9], ER=EPR [8, 10], and emergent spacetime [11].”
• Replica wormholes and the black hole interior (2019, methodology): “lations implied the absense of a rewall. Using the Petz map, one can also show that gravitational calculations imply that the interior modes can be reconstructed on the Hawking radiation, i.e. ER=EPR [30, 31, 32, 33]. D A ensemble boundary dual of the simple model In this appendix, we show that the ”
• Jerusalem Lectures on Black Holes and Quantum Information (2014, background): “That the CFT agrees with the black hole result for this correlation function at short times (this is shown in more detail in [116]), but disagrees at long times as required by unitarity, is compelling evidence for the unitarity of black hole evaporation.”
• Relative entropy equals bulk relative entropy (2015, background): “(9)It is sometimes necessary to go to Fourier space to make this formula precise [42, 43].”
• Islands outside the horizon (2019, background): “Here, this conclusion is avoided due to the islands that realize ER = EPR [34] (see also [35, 36]), where the build up of entanglement leads to the interior modes being included inside the entanglement wedge of the bath.”
• TASI Lectures on the Emergence of Bulk Physics in AdS/CFT (2017, background): “There are many important references for this material, including [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16].”
• Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox (2019, background): “In particular, there are some credible suggestions of ways in which one can construct a state-dependent interior operator, given a particular choice of microstate [32, 33, 37].”